Data Preparation Business Research Methods 24 December 2021

Data Preparation Business Research Methods 24 December 2021 1

Topic & Structure of the lesson Topic Outline Ø Introduction Ø Data Editing Ø Data Coding Ø Data Cleaning Ø Identification of Outlier Ø Handling Missing Values 24 December 2021 2

Learning Outcomes On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand: • importance of editing the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions • how coding is used to assign number and other symbols to answers and to categorize responses • problems and solutions for “don’t know” responses and handling missing data • options for data entry and manipulation 24 December 2021 3

Data Preparation in the Research Process 16 -4

Editing - Field Editing • Field editing review -own ad hoc abbreviations & special symbols • Entry gaps identified • Callbacks made (No self Interviewing) • Validate results reinterview – interview performed adequately.

Central Editing Be familiar with instructions given to interviewers and coders Do not destroy the original entry & should remain legible Make all editing entries identifiable (different colors) and in standardized form Initial all answers changed or supplied Place initials and date of editing on each instrument completed

Precoding

Coding Open-Ended Questions

Sample Codebook

Coding Rules Appropriate to the research problem Exhaustive Categories should be Mutually exclusive Derived from one classification principle

Data Entry Keyboarding Digital/ Barcodes Database Programs Optical Recognition Voice recognition

Missing Data Listwise Deletion Pairwise Deletion Replacement

Measures of Central Tendency Mean Median Mode

Measures of Variability Variance Quartile deviation Interquartile range Standard deviation Dispersion Range

Characteristics of Distributions

Summarizing Distributions with Shape

Data Preparation SUMMARY 24 December 2021

References: 1. 2. 3. 4. Business Research Methods – Cooper, Schindler; Tata Mc Graw Hills Marketing Research – G C Beri; Tata Mc Graw Hills. Business Research Methods – William G Zikmund; Thomson. Marketing Research – Tull, Hawkin; PHI 24 December 2021

Q&A 24 December 2021

Thank you!