Data Envelopment Analysis CRS VRS Inputoriented CRS VRS

목차 효율성 정의 효율성 측정 방법론 Data Envelopment Analysis CRS, VRS Input-oriented CRS, VRS, Output-oriented

효율성: 측정 방법론 • 효율성 측정을 위한 대표적 계량 방법론 – 데이터포락분석(DEA: Data Envelopment Analysis) 비모수적 (non-parametric) 방법 • This enables it to avoid confounding the effects of misspecification of the functional form – 확률경계분석(SFA: Stochastic Frontier Analysis) 모수적 (parametric) 방법 • This enables it to attempt to distinguish the effects of noise from those of inefficiency, thereby providing the basis for statistical inference. • 모수적 방법론은 생산함수를 직접 추정하는 반면 비모수적 방법론 은 이를 추정하지 않음. – 생산함수를 추정한다는 것은 이를 규정 짓는 모수를 추정한다는 것을 의미

효율성: 측정 방법론 Benchmarking Partial Approaches (onedimensional) Multi-dimensional Approaches Frontier Approaches Non-Parametric Data Stochastic Performance Envelopment DEA Analysis Indicators (SDEA) (DEA) Parametric Average Approaches Parametric Modified Stochastic Corrected Ordinary Frontier Ordinary Analysis Least Squares (MOLS) (SFA) (COLS) Induced Approach Ordinaray Total Factor Least Squares Productivity (OLS) (TFP)

Leonid Kantorovich • • The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, which he shared with Tjalling Koopmans, was given "for their contributions to theory of optimum allocation of resources. “ (1975) Kantorovich was born on 19 January 1912, to a Russian Jewish family. [1] His father was a doctor practicing in. Saint Petersburg. [2] In 1926, at the age of fourteen, he began his studies at the Leningrad University. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics in 1930, and began his graduate studies. In 1934, at the age of 22 years, he became a full professor. Later, Kantorovich worked for the Soviet government. He was given the task of optimizing production in a plywood industry. He came up (1939) with the mathematical technique now known as linear programming(선형계획법) some years before it was advanced by George Dantzig. He authored several books including The Mathematical Method of Production Planning and Organization and The Best Uses of Economic Resources. For his work, Kantorovich was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich

Tjalling Koopmans • • • Koopmans moved to the United States in 1940. There he worked for a while for a government body in Washington D. C. , where he published on the economics of transportation focusing on optimal routing, then moved to Chicagowhere he joined a research body Cowles Commission for Research in Economics affiliated with the University of Chicago. In 1946, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States and in 1948 director of the Cowles Commission. Rising hostile opposition to the Cowles Commission by the department of economics at University of Chicago during the 1950 s led Koopmans to convince the Cowles family to move it to Yale University in 1955 (where it was renamed the Cowles Foundation). He continued to publish, on the economics of optimal growth and activity analysis. Koopmans' early works on the Hartree–Fock theory are associated with the Koopmans' theorem, which is very well known in quantum chemistry. Koopmans was awarded his Nobel prize (jointly with Leonid Kantorovich) for his contributions to the field of resource allocation, specifically theory of optimal use of resources. The work for which the prize was awarded focused on activity analysis, the study of interactions between the inputs and outputs of production, and their relationship to economic efficiency and prices. Finally, the importance of the article by Koopmans (1942) deriving the distribution of the serial correlation coefficient was recognized by John von Neumann, and it later influenced the optimal tests for a unit root by John Denis Sargan and Alok Bhargava (Sargan and Bhargava, 1983). http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans

DEA: CRS, Input-oriented Output g/표준 DMU 4 Efficiency Frontier g/표준 DMU 2 g/표준 DMU 5 DMU 3 g/표준 DMU 1 g/표준 g/표준 g/표준 Labor

DEA: VRS, Input-oriented Output g/표준 DMU 4 Efficiency Frontier g/표준 DMU 2 g/표준 DMU 5 DMU 3 g/표준 DMU 1 g/표준 g/표준 g/표준 Labor

DEA: VRS, Input-oriented Output CRS g/표준 DMU 4 Efficiency Frontier g/표준 DMU 2 g/표준 DMU 5 DMU 3 g/표준 DMU 1 g/표준 g/표준 g/표준 Labor

DEA: CRS, Output-oriented Output g/표준 Efficiency Frontier g/표준 DMU 4 g/표준 DMU 2 g/표준 DMU 5 DMU 3 g/표준 DMU 1 g/표준 g/표준 g/표준 Labor

DEA: VRS, Output-oriented Output g/표준 DMU 4 Efficiency Frontier g/표준 DMU 2 g/표준 DMU 5 DMU 3 g/표준 DMU 1 g/표준 g/표준 g/표준 Labor

2 Input-1 Output, CRS, input-oriented