Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References
![Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References: Book Chapter 6 Data and Computer Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References: Book Chapter 6 Data and Computer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-1.jpg)
![Schedule Signal encoding: 5 hours Multiplexing: 1 hour Error detection & correction: 2 hours Schedule Signal encoding: 5 hours Multiplexing: 1 hour Error detection & correction: 2 hours](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-2.jpg)
![Outline • Frequency division multiplexing can be used with analog signals. • Synchronous time Outline • Frequency division multiplexing can be used with analog signals. • Synchronous time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-3.jpg)
![Multiplexing How to share the capacity of a data link? § FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing How to share the capacity of a data link? § FDM: Frequency Division](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-4.jpg)
![Frequency Division Multiplexing • FDM: A number of signals can be carried simultaneously. —Each Frequency Division Multiplexing • FDM: A number of signals can be carried simultaneously. —Each](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-5.jpg)
![Terminologies • Channel (FDM): each modulated signal requires a certain bandwidth centered on its Terminologies • Channel (FDM): each modulated signal requires a certain bandwidth centered on its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-6.jpg)
![Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 7 Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-7.jpg)
![FDM System 8 FDM System 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-8.jpg)
![Wavelength Division Multiplexing • • Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by Wavelength Division Multiplexing • • Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-9.jpg)
![WDM Operation • Same general architecture as other FDM • Number of sources generating WDM Operation • Same general architecture as other FDM • Number of sources generating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-10.jpg)
![Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing • Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing • Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-11.jpg)
![Time Division Multiplexing 12 Time Division Multiplexing 12](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-12.jpg)
![FDM vs TDM 13 FDM vs TDM 13](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-13.jpg)
![Terminologies • Frames: a cycle of time slots, each of which is dedicated to Terminologies • Frames: a cycle of time slots, each of which is dedicated to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-14.jpg)
![TDM System N Channels: 15 TDM System N Channels: 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-15.jpg)
![Statistical TDM • In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted • Statistical TDM allocates Statistical TDM • In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted • Statistical TDM allocates](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-16.jpg)
![Synchronous TDM vs. Statistical TDM 17 Synchronous TDM vs. Statistical TDM 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-17.jpg)
- Slides: 17
![Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References Book Chapter 6 Data and Computer Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References: Book Chapter 6 Data and Computer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-1.jpg)
Data Communications and Networking Chapter 6 Multiplexing References: Book Chapter 6 Data and Computer Communications, 6 th edition, by William Stallings
![Schedule Signal encoding 5 hours Multiplexing 1 hour Error detection correction 2 hours Schedule Signal encoding: 5 hours Multiplexing: 1 hour Error detection & correction: 2 hours](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-2.jpg)
Schedule Signal encoding: 5 hours Multiplexing: 1 hour Error detection & correction: 2 hours Flow control & error control: 3 hours Circuit switching & packet switching: 2. 5 hours Routing: 2. 5 hours LAN overview: 2 hours Ethernet: 2 hours Wi. Fi: 1 hour 2
![Outline Frequency division multiplexing can be used with analog signals Synchronous time Outline • Frequency division multiplexing can be used with analog signals. • Synchronous time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-3.jpg)
Outline • Frequency division multiplexing can be used with analog signals. • Synchronous time division multiplexing can be used with both digital signals and analog signals. • Statistical time division multiplexing can be used with both digital signals and analog signals. 3
![Multiplexing How to share the capacity of a data link FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing How to share the capacity of a data link? § FDM: Frequency Division](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-4.jpg)
Multiplexing How to share the capacity of a data link? § FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing § TDM: Time Division Multiplexing • Synchronous TDM • Statistical TDM 4
![Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM A number of signals can be carried simultaneously Each Frequency Division Multiplexing • FDM: A number of signals can be carried simultaneously. —Each](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-5.jpg)
Frequency Division Multiplexing • FDM: A number of signals can be carried simultaneously. —Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency —Carrier frequencies are sufficiently separated so signals do not overlap (guard bands) • Available bandwidth of medium exceeds the sum of all channels • Examples: broadcast radio, cable TV • Channel allocated even if no data 5
![Terminologies Channel FDM each modulated signal requires a certain bandwidth centered on its Terminologies • Channel (FDM): each modulated signal requires a certain bandwidth centered on its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-6.jpg)
Terminologies • Channel (FDM): each modulated signal requires a certain bandwidth centered on its carrier frequency, referred to as a channel. • Subcarrier: each of the multiple carriers is referred to as a subcarrier. Its frequency is denoted by fi. fi must be chosen so that the bandwidths of various signals do not significantly overlap. 6
![Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 7 Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-7.jpg)
Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 7
![FDM System 8 FDM System 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-8.jpg)
FDM System 8
![Wavelength Division Multiplexing Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by Wavelength Division Multiplexing • • Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-9.jpg)
Wavelength Division Multiplexing • • Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by optical fiber A form of FDM Each color of light (wavelength) carries separate data channel • 1997 Bell Labs — 100 beams — Each at 10 Gbps — Giving 1 terabit per second (Tbps) • Commercial systems of 160 channels of 10 Gbps now available • Lab systems (Alcatel) 256 channels at 39. 8 Gbps each, a total of 10. 1 Tbps. 9
![WDM Operation Same general architecture as other FDM Number of sources generating WDM Operation • Same general architecture as other FDM • Number of sources generating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-10.jpg)
WDM Operation • Same general architecture as other FDM • Number of sources generating laser beams at different frequencies • Multiplexer consolidates sources for transmission over single fiber • Optical amplifiers amplify all wavelengths —Typically tens of km apart • Demux separates channels at the destination • Mostly 1550 nm wavelength range • 50 GHz per channel 10
![Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing • Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-11.jpg)
Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing • Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital signal to be transmitted • Multiple digital signals interleaved in time —Can be at the bit level or in blocks • Time slots pre-assigned to sources and fixed • Time slots allocated even if no data • Time slots do not have to be evenly distributed amongst sources 11
![Time Division Multiplexing 12 Time Division Multiplexing 12](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-12.jpg)
Time Division Multiplexing 12
![FDM vs TDM 13 FDM vs TDM 13](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-13.jpg)
FDM vs TDM 13
![Terminologies Frames a cycle of time slots each of which is dedicated to Terminologies • Frames: a cycle of time slots, each of which is dedicated to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-14.jpg)
Terminologies • Frames: a cycle of time slots, each of which is dedicated to a data source. • Channel (TDM): the sequence of slots dedicated to one source, from frame to frame, is called a channel. 14
![TDM System N Channels 15 TDM System N Channels: 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-15.jpg)
TDM System N Channels: 15
![Statistical TDM In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted Statistical TDM allocates Statistical TDM • In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted • Statistical TDM allocates](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-16.jpg)
Statistical TDM • In Synchronous TDM many slots are wasted • Statistical TDM allocates time slots dynamically based on demand • Multiplexer scans input lines and collects data until frame full • Data rate on line lower than aggregate rates of input lines 16
![Synchronous TDM vs Statistical TDM 17 Synchronous TDM vs. Statistical TDM 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/12411ca96c13392db89f4f5f8077809e/image-17.jpg)
Synchronous TDM vs. Statistical TDM 17
Vertical align
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