DASH Diet A Key to Healthy Living Lowering

DASH Diet! A Key to Healthy Living & Lowering Blood Pressure? Zubair Ilyas Hunter Sabin Ernest Wong CHE 452 May 7, 2012

DASH • Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension • Your Description Goes Here • Born from research funded by National Institutes of Health • Sponsored by the American Heart Association • Part of the US treatment guidelines for hypertension

Trends and Projections • Your (~ Description Goes Here have high blood • 1 in 3 Americans 68 million) pressure • High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease • Primary or contributing cause of death for more than 347, 000 Americans in 2008

Trends and Projections • • About one in five (20. 4%) U. S. adults with high pressure Yourblood Description Goes Here don't know that they have it • In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93. 5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work • BY 2030, research suggests 86% of the U. S. population will be obese or overweight

Blood Pressure

Hypertension

What is the DASH Diet? • Decreased Sodium Intake • Decrease Blood Pressure • Other Decreased Effects – Osteoporosis, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke • 2 types – Standard DASH Diet – Lower Sodium DASH Diet

Foods • • Fruits Vegetables Whole Grains Low-fat Dairy Products Red Meat Fats Sweets

DASH Diet Food Pyramid The First Study

DASH Diet Guidelines

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Studies • Done to prove DASH Diet’s effectiveness • Overall, two studies were conducted focusing the effects of increasing intake of foods, rich in nutrients, that are expected to lower blood pressure, mainly minerals (like potassium, calcium, and magnesium), protein, and fiber • It includes nutrient-rich foods so that it meets other nutrient requirements as recommended by the Institute of Medicine

The First Study • From Aug, 1993 ~ Jul, 1997 • Looked at the effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure • 459 adults with systolic blood pressure < 160 mm. Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 80 -95 mm. Hg • Compared 3 eating plans: 1. Control diet – a “typical American diet” 2. Control diet plus more fruits/vegetables 3. DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in fats • All 3 plans contained approximately 3, 000 mg of daily dietary sodium

Results • Dietary patterns affect blood pressure • Participants in plans (#2 and #3) that included fruits and vegetables had reduced blood pressure • DASH had the greatest effect • Participants with high blood pressure had the greatest reductions • Results were apparent within 2 weeks

The Second Study • From Sep, 1997 ~ Nov, 1999 • Looked at the effect of a reduced dietary sodium intake on blood pressure • 412 adults with similar stats from the first study • Compared 2 eating plans: 1. Control diet – a “typical American diet” 2. DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in fats • Compared 3 levels of dietary sodium level: 1. High – 3, 000 mg/day 2. Intermediate – 2, 400 mg/day 3. Low – 1, 500 mg/day

The Second Study The Setup: 1. Started with a two-week run-in phase: • All participants consumed a high (3, 000 mg/day) sodium control diet 2. Followed by a 30 -day intervention phase: • Participants started consuming their diets at previously assigned sodium levels at high, intermediate, or low.

Results • Low dietary sodium intake lowered blood pressure for both diet plans • When comparing the two eating plans, DASH had lower blood pressure than the control at each sodium level (high, intermediate, or low) • DASH at low sodium intake (1, 500 mg/day) had the greatest effect • Participants with high blood pressure had the greatest reductions

How’d you like ‘em Apples? • • The DASH Works!! It lowers blood pressure (First study) Lowering sodium intake lowers blood pressure (Second study) *Best scenario is to follow both the DASH diet and reduce one’s daily salt intake (a little exercise never hurts either!)

To Learn More Secret Ingredient: DASH!!! NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) www. nhlbi. nih. gov DHHS www. healthfinder. gov Dietary Guidelines www. healthierus. gov Nutrition Facts www. cfsan. fda. gov