Darwins Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Lifes

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

WRITE A DEFINITION: EVOLUTION: change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms THEORY: a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world FOSSIL: the preserved remains of ancient organisms

http: //www. millan. net REMEMBER ! The total variety of all the organisms in the biosphere = ________ BIODIVERSITY Where did all these different organisms come from? How are they related?

What scientific explanation can account for the diversity of life? ANSWER: A collection of _______, Scientific facts observations and ______ hypotheses _____, known as ____________ EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

http: //harrier. users. netlink. co. uk/Darwin_sm. jpg The person who contributed the most to our understanding of evolution was Charles Darwin ___________ In 1831, at age 22, he joined the crew of H. M. S. Beagle as a naturalist for the ________ a ____ 5 year voyage around the world. Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

During his travels, Darwin wrote thousands of pages in his journals, drew pictures of the things he saw, and collected a vast evidence amount of _______ that led him revolutionary hypothesis to propose a ____________ life changes about the way _______. http: //www. elsie. brandeis. edu/images/journals. gif http: //www. 24 hourmuseum. org. uk/chg/content/images/2003_2233. JPG

DARWIN WONDERED? different Why do Argentina and Australia have ____ animals ______ even though they have ____ similar ecosystems grassland ______? Why are there no rabbits ______ in Australia and kangaroos in England? no ____ Why have so many species disappeared? How are these ______ extinct species related to living species? http: //www. rc. umd. edu/praxis/mitchell/images/dinosaur 1. gif

Who Was Charles Darwin? While on his voyage around the world Beagle Charles Darwin aboard the H. M. S. ______, spent about one month observing life on the Galápagos Islands ________. There, he encountered some unique animals, tortoises such as finches ______ and ____. http: //www. darwinadventure. com/pictures/galapagos_giantortoise. jpg http: //mikebaird. com/ecuador/images/galapagos_off_ecuador_ng_map. jpg

The Galάpagos Islands are close together climates but have very different _______. Some were hot and dry, with little vegetation. Others had more rainfall and were rich in vegetation Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006 Each island had unique its own _____ assortment of _____ plant and animal species.

Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands Section 16 -1 and on Pinta Island, tortoise necks were somewhere in between Pinta Island Tower Marchena Intermediate shell Fernandina James Santa Cruz Isabela Santa Fe Hood Island Floreana Isabela Island Hood Saddle-backed shell On the desert-like Hood Island, tortoises had long necks… Dome-shaped shell …while Go to on the lush rainforest of Isabela Island, Section: tortoises had short necks…

After his voyage, Darwin spent a great deal of time thinking about his findings. Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006 He began to wonder if animals living on different islands had once been members same species that had of the ______ developed different _____ characteristics after becoming isolated _______ from one another in different habitats.

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking Chapter 16 -2 Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: James Hutton In 1785 _______ proposes that the EARTH shaped by was _______ geological forces _________ occurring over very long _____ periods of time, and is millions of years old. ________ http: //www. creationism. org/books/Taylor. In. Minds. Men/Taylor. IMMc 03. htm

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: Charles Lyell In 1833 ______ explains that the geological processes still ______ occurring now have shaped Earth’s features over long periods of time ________ http: //www. biologydaily. com/biology/Sir_Charles_Lyell

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: SINCE THEN Theory of Pangaea …and continental drift http: //wrgis. wr. usgs. gov/docs/usgsnps/animate/A 08. gif

http: //www. wasatchcomputers. net/gallery/elk_fight. jpg REMEMBER ! Chapter 3 competition Living things must compete for food, shelter, space, mates

http: //www. nndb. com/people/250/000024178/malthus. jpg Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: Thomas Malthus (1798) ___________ He observed that babies were being born faster than people were dying. He reasoned that if the human population continued to grow, sooner or later there insufficient space & food would be ____________

http: //www. educa. rcanaria. es/fundoro/00. corsi. htm Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809) ______________ was one of first scientists to recognize living things changed over time and that ________ all species were descended ____ from other species. Lamarck published his hypothesis of Inheritance of Acquired traits ____________ the year Darwin was born.

The male fiddler crab uses its front claw to _____mates attract predators and fight off _______. repeated use, the Through _____ front claw becomes ____. larger The fiddler passes on this acquired _____ characteristic to its offspring

http: //www. geocities. com/arnold_schwarzenegger_pictures/ What’s wrong with Lamarck’s hypothesis? Lamarck didn’t know about genes and how traits are inherited _______. If you lifted weights your whole young adult life, and then you had children, would your kids be more muscular? ACQUIRED traits can ____ PASSED ON NOT be _____ NO! ____ to their offspring.

What’s right with Lamarck’s hypothesis? Lamarck was first to develop a scientific hypothesis about evolution _______ and recognize that organisms are adapted to their environments ____________ http: //pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~he 599900/giraffeeating. jpg

Match the letter of the idea with the man or men who proposed it: Malthus Hutton Lyell a. b. c. d. Lamarck The earth is really old, and slowly changes Living things pass acquired changes on to their offspring Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources, and pass those changes on to their offspring

c. Malthus Hutton a. Lamarck Lyell b. d. a. b. c. d. The earth is really old, and slowly changes Living things pass acquired changes on to their offspring Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources, and pass those changes on to their offspring

Concept Map Section 16 -3 Evidence of Evolution includes The fossil record Geographic distribution of living species Homologous body structures Similarities in early development which is composed of which indicates which implies Physical remains of organisms Common ancestral species Similar genes Go to Section: