DANIELA BENEDIKOV benedikovavurv sk Ukr ain e lic

DANIELA BENEDIKOVÁ benedikova@vurv. sk

Ukr ain e lic b pu e R h c e Cz d n a l Po Au str ia ry a g n Hu

ORCHARDS COMPOSITION GLOBALLY 9 272, 56 ha Apple 4 972 ha Pear Peaches 950 ha 239 ha Apricot 388 ha Plums 752 ha Cherry 515 ha Small fruits 995 ha Others 461 ha

Orchards in SR GLOBALLY 9 272, 56 ha Intensive 6 283, 51 ha Extensive 2 989, 04 ha APRICOTS 388, 82 ha i. e. 4, 19 % Produce high variability 1, 5 t. ha-1 till 3 – 5 t. ha-1

Availability zone for apricot growing

Breeders aims FRUIT APPEARANCE - size, attractiveness FRUIT QUALITY flesh consistence firmness , juiciness, sugar content, aroma RIPENINIG TIME - very early, very late RESISTANCE - frost, disease (PPV, Gnomonia. . . )

History of breeding program ü I. period 1964 -1975 mother cultivars: Hungarian Best, Ananas, Rakovskeho, Urozajnyj, Julskij, local types father cultivars: Achrori, Arzami, Zard, Hindukush, Chinese local types ü II. period 1976 -1987 mother cultivars: VS 27/8, VS 9/83, VS 51/4, VS 25/38, VS 74/14, VS 09/12, Veecot, Sunglo, Goldcot, Kesh Pchar, Hungarian Best father cultivars: Veecot, Goldcot, NJA 44, Sunglo, Tirziu de Bucuresti ü III. period 1988 -2007 mother cultivars: Vesna, Vegama, Veharda, Veselka father cultivars: Goldcot, SEO, Henderson, Harlayne, Stela, Screara

Donors of properties: ü frost tolerance: Achrori, Arzami, Zard ü disease resistance: SEO, Dacia, Henderson, Harlayne, Stela, Screara, Chinese local types ü extended blossoming period: Ananasova ü extended ripening period: Ruzova skora, Kech Pchar, Vynoslivyj, NJA hybrids ü Fruit quality: Hungarian Best, Bergeron, Hargrand, Chinese local types

FRUIT EVALUATION Ø Phenological and morphological descriptions Ø Apricot Descriptor list IPGRI Ø Morphological evaluation Ø Sample 30 fruit, weight, size, colour, flavour taste, juiciness, skin, red face, stone separation. . .

APRICOT DESCRIPTORS Fruit size: Extremely small < 20 g Very small 20 - 30 g Small 31 - 40 g Small / medium 41 - 45 g Medium 46 – 55 g Medium /large 56 - 60 g Large 61 - 70 g Very large 71 - 85 g Extremely large > 85 g Early Samarkand Haggith Precoce Gialla, Blanca de Murcia Hatif Colomer Harglow, Harogem Canino, Harcot Luizet, Goldrich, Harlayne Orangered Hargrand, Pincot, Silvercot

APRICOT DESCRIPTORS Firmness of flesh: EXTREMELY SOFT MEDIUM FIRM Zerdeli, Viceroy Canino, Goldcot Rouge de Roussillon, Hungarian Best Bergeron, Palsteyn EXTREMELY FIRM Harogem, Čačak gold

SLOVAK ASSORTMENT SMALL FRUIT 31 -40 g Karola, Kráska, Ledana, Leskora, Lejuna, Veecot, Vemina, Aurora, Goldcot SMALL/MEDIUM 41 -50 g Vegama, Veharda, Velbora, Leala, Lebela MEDIUM/LARGE 51 -60 g Barbora, Bergeron, Hungarian Best, Legolda, Ligeti Óriás, Velita, Vesna, Velkopavlovická, Hargrand LARGE/VERY LARGE 61 g and more Veselka, Vestar, Vesprima, Pincot, Silvercot, Orangered, Goldrich, Harcot, Harogem

SLOVAK APRICOT CULTIVARS Hybridi sation Registra tion Cultivar 1972 1999 VELITA 1979 1999 VESELKA 1964 1999 VEMINA 1964 1991 1963 Blooming Ripening Fruit characteristics time weight catego flesh g ry color E 7. 7. VE 56 A Y VE 10. 7. E 65 AAA DO E 14. 7. E 50 A O VESNA VE 17. 7. E 65 AAA Y 1991 VELBORA M 30. 7. M 58 AAA O 1970 1997 VESTAR E 1. 8. M 55 AAA O 1972 1997 BARBORA M 1. 8. M 56 AAA O 1972 1996 VESPRIMA L 4. 8. M 55 AA DO 1964 1991 VEHARDA VL 7. 8. L 50 AA O 1968 1991 VEGAMA L 12. 8. L 49 AA DO HUNGARIAN BEST E 30. 7. M 51 AA O Control

V E S N A

VESNA Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x ´Achrori´, ´Arzami´, ´Zard´, Fruit: ripening very early (10 July), very large fruit, weight 65 g, shape spherical, soft firm fruit with good transportability, skin yellow with attractive dark red face, flesh light yellow, flavour very good. Tree with very good healthy status of leaves and branches. General evaluation: Dessert cultivar, very early ripening, attractive large fruit very good flavour. Good level of field resistance to Gnomonia erythrostoma.

V E S E L K A

VESELKA ® Origin: ´Vesna´ x ´Vegama´, Fruit: ripening very early (10 July), very large fruit, weight 65 g, shape spherical, firm fruit good transportability, skin dark orange with attractive darkred face, flesh light orange, flavour very good. General evaluation: Dessert cultivar, very early ripening, spurs type growth, attractive large fruit, and very good flavour.

V E H A R D A

VEHARDA ® Origin: ´Julskij´ x ´Hungarian Best´ Fruit: ripening end of July, large fruit, weight 50 g, shape circular, colour of skin orange, flesh orange, flavour very good, harmonic aromatic. General evaluation: Universal apricot cultivar, mainly for processing, very good transportability of fruits. good flavour, resistance to PPV – M.

B A R B O R A

BARBORA Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x ´Achrori´, ´Arzami´, ´Zard´, Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit weight 56 g, shape rounded, skin orange with attractive light redface, flash of fruit orange, flavour very good. General evaluation: Dessert cultivar, middle ripening, attractive large fruit very good flavour. They have not special request for growing.

VELITA

VELITA ® Origin: ´Hungarian Best´x‘Achrori’, ‘Arzami’, ‘Zard’ Fruit: ripening very early (7 July), large fruit, weight 56 g. Shape flat elongate, skin light orange with dark red face, firm flesh, light orange, good flavour, harmonic. General evaluation: Very early cultivar with large attractive fruit and regular yields.

V E M I N A

VEMINA ® Origin: ´Rakovsky´ x‘Achrori’, ‘Arzami’, ‘Zard’ Fruit : ripening late, (27 July), large fruit, weight 50 g, shape spherical, very firm fruit, very good transportability, skin dark orange with attractive dark red face, high shine, flesh dark orange, flavour good, aromatic. General evaluation: Universal apricot cultivar, mainly for processing, attractive appearance of fruit, very good flavour, resistance to PPV - M

V E S T A R

VESTAR ® Origin: ´Hungarian Best´ x´ China landraces´ Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 55 g, shape circular, colour of skin dark orange with attractive red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic. General evaluation: Attractive dessert cultivar with low density of crown and very good transportability of fruits.

CONCLUSION ü 600 parent’s combination was realised ü 10 000 seedlings obtained a in orchards ü 10 registered cultivars: Vesna, Vegama, Veharda, Velbora, Vemina, Velita, Vesprima, Barbora, Vestar, Veselka ü Frost hardiness: Veharda later beginning of flowering Vegama prolongation of flowering and gradual blooming ü Resistance to PPV M strain: Veharda, Vemina ü High fruit quality: Vesna, Vestar, Veselka ü Good transportability: Veharda, Vemina

Assortment growing in Europe

B E R G E R O N

BERGERON Origin: old French variety Fruit: ripening begin of August, large fruit weight 55 g, shape circular, colour of skin orange with bright red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Attractive dessert cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit.

G O L D R I CH

GOLDRICH Origin: the U. S. A. Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 6070 g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with bright attractive red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, resistant to frost, self sterile.

V E E C O T

VEECOT Origin: Canadian cultivar Fruit: ripening end of July, middle large fruit, weight 50 g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with small red face, flesh dark orange, flavour very good, harmonic proportion of sugar and acid. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, but mainly for canning.

G O L D C O T

GOLDCOT Origin: the U. S. A. Fruit: ripening end of July, middle large fruit, weight 50 g, oval shape, colour of skin dark orange with bright attractive red face, flesh dark orange, flavour good. Crow of tree with intensive growth. General evaluation: Cultivar with low density of crown, universal utilisation of fruit, resistant to frost, sensitive to Monilinia laxa.

O R A N G E R E D

ORANGERED ® Origin: the U. S. A. Fruit: ripening end of July, very large fruit, weight 65 g, shape circular, colour of skin dark orange with attractive red face, firm, dark orange flesh, flavour very good, harmonic. General evaluation: Very attractive dessert cultivar for universal utilisation.

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