Daniel Defoe Daniel Foe 1660 26 1731 1703

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Даниель Дефо (Daniel Defoe) • • Родился под именем Daniel Foe около 1660 в

Даниель Дефо (Daniel Defoe) • • Родился под именем Daniel Foe около 1660 в Криплгейте. Умер 26 апреля 1731 в Мурфилдс. Его отец был мясником. Около 1703 Даниель переменил фамилию на Дефо. Daniel Defoe was born in London in 1660, probably in September, third child and first son of James and Mary Foe. His father was a butcher. Later Daniel added particle “de” to his name.

Образование • Учился в школе Дж. Фишера в Доркинге, затем в Академии Ч. Мортона

Образование • Учился в школе Дж. Фишера в Доркинге, затем в Академии Ч. Мортона в Стоук. Ньюингтоне, готовившей пасторов для пресвитерианской церкви. • He received a very good education, as his father hoped he would become a minister. His father sent him to a boarding school, after which he attended Morton's Academy. He was a very good student. but he changed his mind and started a career of a merchant in Cornhill but went bankrupt in 1691.

 • Defoe was extremely active and energetic. He travelled widely, both in England

• Defoe was extremely active and energetic. He travelled widely, both in England abroad. He went to Spain, Italy, Germany and France He took part in Monmouth Revolution and had to live in hiding after its failure. In 1688 he joined the army of William the Orange and became his leading pamphlet -writer

 • Defoe discussed politics, religion, trade, education, мorals and manners. He was the

• Defoe discussed politics, religion, trade, education, мorals and manners. He was the author of more then 200 pamphlets and 2000 short essays but when he was in his late 50 -th he turned from journalism to fiction. • Defoe was one of the first to write stories about real characters in realistic situations using simple prose. Defoe created a realistic novel which was different from all created before.

Juan Fernandes Archipelago • • The island where Robinson Crusoe spent 28 years is

Juan Fernandes Archipelago • • The island where Robinson Crusoe spent 28 years is one of the islands in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean 674 km from the South American continent. It belongs to Juan Fernandes Archipelago. This island was called Mas-a-Tierra at the time when it was discovered by the Spanish sailor Juan Fernandes in 1574. Then the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk was abandoned here for four years and four months and it is possible to see the cave where he lived and the look-out point where he went to look for ships every day. The Chilean government gave new names to three islands of archipelago. They are Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk and small Santa Clara. Only the first of them is inhabited with population of 500 inhabitants. This island is one of the last places on earth where untouched nature can be seen. It extends for 22 kilometres in length and 7 km in width. Robinson Crusoe island is still remote and inconvenient to reach. But it is really worth visiting.

Воспоминания Селькирка • ‘’My dream has always been the sea and sailing. That`s why

Воспоминания Селькирка • ‘’My dream has always been the sea and sailing. That`s why at the age of 19 I ran away from home to start a new adventurous life. Few years later I joined a pirate expedition to the Pacific ocean that was led by Capt. William Dampier. We were preparing to return home after numerous attacks on Spanish towns and ships when we suffered damage in one battle. I was sure our ship needed repairing but the captain didn`t agree. I was full of anger and refused to go any father and demanded to be set ashore on Juan Fernandes island. And the captain was glad to do this. ’’

Воспоминания Селькирка • ‘’The most difficult time for me was the first 8 months.

Воспоминания Селькирка • ‘’The most difficult time for me was the first 8 months. Gradually, I got used to my solitude and melancholy. Then I built two huts covered with grass , tamed some goats and cats, went hunting till a had some powder. I made some clothes from goat skins. I think about two years passed when, hooray, I saw a ship and ran down to the shore to greet it. But there were the Spaniards! They opened fire and I had to run for cover! Luckily, they failed to find me. 4, 5 years passed and I was finally found in February 1709 by my former Captain William Dampier, who was then a pilot on an expedition headed by Captain Woodes Rogers. They took me off the island were surprised to meet me alive. ’’