DANGER TO WILDLIFE AND SOME POSSIBLE REMEDIES Bio

DANGER TO WILDLIFE AND SOME POSSIBLE REMEDIES

Bio Diversity of Pakistan • Wildlife of Pakistan is a mix of species of diverse origins. • Pakistan is home to a number of rare and threatened animal species. • Home to about 7. 6% of all mammalian, 12. 6% of avian, 6. 2% of reptilian, and 6. 0% of flowering plant species.

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION DEFINED v Wildlife protection act started in 1972 v Wildlife conservation is the protection of species and habitats of animals. v The banning of hunting seasons for endangered or threatened species.

Importance of Wild life conservation • Beauty • Economic value - Timber , fur, tusk, ivory, leather, honey etc • Scientific value • Gene pool for the scientists to carry breeding programmers in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery • Maintain Ecological Balance • Eco- Tourism.

CAUSES OF WILDLIFE DESTRUCTION Human Nature

Source : Wildlife protection society of Pakistan

Habitat Loss • Second most critical factor in species extinction. than existed 300 years ago There now 20% less forest cover

Poaching and hunting • Another major cause of animal species extinction. • Poaching and illegal trade in animals are US$2 billion to $3 billion

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation • Extensive human demand resulted into Habitat Loss. • Rainforests are the main habitats • Tropical rainforests are cleared for ü wood / timber resources ü development of petroleum resources ü mineral resources ü for cash-crop plantations and subsistence farming

National and International Wildlife Trade • Pet Trade • Fur Trade • Meat Trade • Body Parts Trade • Trade for Biomedical Research

Some Other Causes • • Climate change / Global warming Pollution Introduced (Invasive) Species Farmer / Rancher Shootings

Effects of Wild Life Depletion 1) Unbalance Food chain and Ecosystem 2) Reduction in rare Wild Animals

3) Danger to Human Life 4) Impact on Biodiversity

5) Loss of economic value 6) Loss genetic information

The Natural wealth of the Pakistan • Unique, mysterious and fascinating for nature lovers. • In Indian philosophy, life in any form is deemed pure and it is advocated that compassion for all living creatures is essential. • The rich and fascinating variety of Pakistan's wildlife can be seen in the 16 national parks, 40 sanctuaries and 8 tiger reserves established by the Government of Pakistan. • Pakistan harbors 10% of the world's wild tiger population, 20% of Asian elephants, 30% of the onehorned rhinoceros and the entire remaining population of the Asiatic lion.

Wildlife of Pakistan (past) • There were ü More than 500 species of mammals ü 1, 220 species of birds ü 1, 600 species of reptiles and amphibians ü 57, 000 species of insects

WILDLIFE OF Pakistan (TODAY) § The flora and fauna of wild species today is declining rapidly in Pakistan § Possible extinction is a possibility for over 77 mammals, 72 bird species, 17 reptile species, 3 amphibian species § Large amount of butterflies and beetles which are considered to be endangered. § Rapid growth in industrialization has hampered the ecosystem and had badly affected the wild animals § Wildlife of Pakistan is on the mercy of human beings as the mortality rate of animals is increasing due to hunting and poaching.

ENDANGERED SPECIES OF animals MAJESTIC ELEPHANTS SWAMP DEER THE INDIAN BISON BLUE WHALE HISPID HARE DESERT CAT SNOW LEOPARD LEAF MONKEY

ENDANGERED SPECIES OF plants BAOBAB PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS BERBERIS CYCAS BEDDOMEI DECALEPIS HAMILTONII RED SANDALWOOD

Wildlife destructions in Pakistan Ø Ø Ø Over exploitation of forest Illicit felling of trees International wildlife trade (1960 -1970) Nature against nature Encroachment of villagers on forest land Global warming(30% of all species might vanish in coming decade) Ø Un healthy relations of Govt and local population Ø Local hunting and poaching by villagers Ø Unloyalty of forest officials

Wildlife destruction

Ø Overcrowding is one of the major reasons for the depleting population of wild animals in Pakistan. Ø Eco-tourism and adventure tourism. v Growth in vehicle pollution v Wildlife road fatalities v Damage of the natural habitat of birds and animals. v Increase in wildfires

INDIAN BISONS KILLED

Govt role in conservation of wildlife v Wildlife protection act 1972 v Project tiger 1972 -73 v Forest protection act 1980 -88 v Anti poaching agencies ü State wildlife dept ü State forest dept ü Ministry of environment and forest ü Army (IF APPLICABLE) ü Police ü Border security force ü Coast guards v Wildlife conservation society

PROJECT TIGER v Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation movement initiated in India in 1972 v The project aims at tiger conservation in specially constituted tiger reserves throughout Pakistan

v Creation of wildlife sanctuaries and reserves with mandatory fencing v Special task force be prepared for preservation of this supreme predator v No forestry operations carried out in core areas v Dept be provided with additional personal and wireless equipment with an immediate effect v Rehabilitation of locals done outside the reserve forest with immediate effect v Immediate compensesation to villagers in case of kill made by tiger v Immediate seize of weapon license from villagers given before 1972 unless prescribed officially.

Recommendations v Love towards mother Earth , Nature & Animals v Conservation laws for wildlife/forest practiced properly v Strict actions against , who do not abide laws v Non Balable arrest to person found acused v Non industrial activities besides reserve forest

conclusion Forests and wildlife are the renewable natural resource and if all the planned programmes are effectively executed, in a few decades the flora and the fauna will start flourishing Where is my mamma