Dan Petersen 1 Safety Management A Human Approach

现代安全管理的十大理念 Dan Petersen 及其著作 1. Safety Management: A Human Approach by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - Dec 1, 2001) 4. Human-error reduction and safety management (Garland safety management series) by Dan Petersen (1982) Techniques of Safety Management by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - Jun 1978) Mistakes by design: examining the categories, causes, and culture of human error. : An article from: Industrial Engineer by Dan Petersen (Jul 31, 2005) Analyzing Safety Performance by Dan Petersen (Paperback - Mar 1984) Industrial Accident Prevention by H. W. Heinrich and Dan Petersen (April 1, 1980) Managing Employee Stress by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - Aug 1990) Safe Behavior Reinforcement by Dan Petersen (Paperback - Mar 1989) Safety by Objectives by Dan Petersen (Paperback - 1996) Techniques of Safety Management by Dan Petersen (Paperback - 1978) Techniques of Safety Management by Dan Petersen (Paperback - 1971) Authentic Involvement by Dan Petersen (Paperback - Jun 2001) Analyzing Safety System Effectiveness (Industrial Health & Safety) by Dan Safety by Objectives: What Gets Measured and Rewarded Gets Done (Industrial Health & Safety) by Dan Petersen 1996) Techniques of Saftey Management by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - 1971) Dan Petersen's the challenge of change: Creating a new safety culture : resource manual by Dan Petersen (1993) Measurement of Safety Performance by Dan Petersen and American Society of Safety Engineers (Hardcover - Jan 2005) The Osha Compliance Manual by Dan Petersen (Paperback - Jun 1979) Proceedings of the 1998 Asse Behavioral Safety Symposium by Dan Petersen, Steven Simon, and E. Scott Geller (Paperback - Feb 1998) Readings in Behavioral Issues in Safety by Dan Petersen (Paperback - Jun 1985) Risk communication in action: Environmental case studies by Dan Petersen (2002) Safety by Objectives/Sbo by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - Aug 1985) 2. Techniques of Safety Management: A Systems Approach by Dan Petersen (Hardcover - Jan 2003) 3. Safety supervision by Dan Petersen (Unknown Binding - 1976) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 1：系统根源 不安全行为、 作环境中不安全状态和事故的发生， 都是安全管理系统存在缺陷的征兆。 An unsafe act, an unsafe condition, an accident: all these are symptoms of something wrong in the management system. 3

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 2：风险管理 有些环境中可能会发生严重的伤害事故, 这些 环境是可以识别和控制的。 Certain sets of circumstances can be predicated to produce severe injuries. These circumstances can be identified and controlled. 5

§ 风险管理原理： Hazard Identification 识别危害 Records 记录 Risk Evaluation 评估风险 Risk Control 实施控制 Assurance 审查与保障 8 Training 培训

§ 最低合理可行原则 现场 作人员个人风险 老百姓个人风险 Workforce Individual Risk Public Individual Risk 不能容忍区域 INTOLERABLE REGION 每年 10 -3 每年 10 -4 10 -3 per year 10 -4 per year 尽可能合理、实际的低区域 ALARP REGION 每年 10 -5 每年 10 -6 10 -5 per year 10 -6 per year 广泛可接受区域 BROADLY ACCEPTABLE REGION 21

风险评估 • 管理评审 HSE Review • 危害性和可操作性分析 HAZOP - Hazard and Operability Study • 定量风险分析 QRA - Quantitative Risk Assessment • 定性风险分析 Qualitative Risk Assessment • 作业安全分析 JSA - Job Safety Analysis • 犯罪风险分析 CRA - Criminal Risk Assessment 23

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 3：“安全第一”新概念 应该像管理公司其他职能部门一样管理安全。管理 层应该通过设立绩效目标、制定计划、组织实施和 管理控制等系列现代管理手段来管理安全。 Safety should be managed like any other company function. Management should direct the safety effect by setting achieveable goals and by planning, organizing, and controlling to achieve them. 30

现代安全管理的十大理念 Quality 质量 Production 产品 Business Success 业务成功 Safety 安全 Employee Relations 员 关系 31 Cost 费用

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 4：绩效与责任 安全绩效管理的关键是针对岗位安全责 任制定明确的管理程序。 The key to effective line safety performance is management procedures that fix accountability. 32

现代企业安全管理核心要素 Ten Key Elements § SMART原则 A S M 具体Specific 可度量 可实现 相关性 Measurable Attainable Relevant 40 R T 有时限 Time bound

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 5：安全管理职能 安全管理的职能就是界定和明确可能引发事故的操作错误。这种职能可以通过两 种途径来实现。 a 通过问：“为什么？”——为什么事故会发生？找出引发事故的根源。 a 通过问：“是否实施了有效的控制措施？”- 确认与跟踪整改措施的执行。 The function of safety is to locate and define the operational errors that allow accidents to occur. This function can be carried out in two ways: (1) by asking why – searching for the root causes of accidents, and (2) by asking whether or not certain know effective controls are being utilized. 45

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 6：起因控制 不安全行为的起因是可以识别和进行分类的；许多分类涉及到 作 压力（如设备超载，或人员能力差异）、诱导或判断错误；所有起 因都是可以控制的。 The causes of unsafe behavior can be identified and classified. Some of the classifications are overload (improper matching or a person’s capacity with the load), traps, and the worker’s decision to err. Each cause is one which can be controlled. 49

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 7：环境与行为 大多数情况下，不安全行为是人们的习惯行为，是人们 对环境产生的反应。安全管理的 作就是要改善导致不安 全行为的环境。 In most cases of unsafe behaviour is normal human behaviour; it is the result of normal people reacting to their environment. Management’s job is to change the environment that leads to the unsafe behaviour. 51

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 8：三个子系统 在建立有效的安全管理体系过程中，必须对三个主要 的子系统进行系统管理：物（或设备）的条件控制、管 理体系和人的行为。 There are three major subsystems that must be dealt with in building an effective safety system: (1) the physical, (2) the managerial, and (3) the behavioral. 53

现代安全管理的十大理念 理念 10：系统衡量标准 对于企业而言，没有一种绝对正确的方法去管理安全； 但是，有效的安全管理系统具有一些明显的基本特征。 There is no one right way to achieve safety in an organization; however, for a safetysystem to be effective, it must meet certain criteria. 55