Damascus Document aka Zadokite Fragment aka Damascus Covenant

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Damascus Document aka Zadokite Fragment aka Damascus Covenant aka Damascus Document

Damascus Document aka Zadokite Fragment aka Damascus Covenant aka Damascus Document

Ben Ezra Synagogue

Ben Ezra Synagogue

The Geniza closet

The Geniza closet

Professor Solomon Schechter

Professor Solomon Schechter

Solomon Schechter in Cambridge with the Cairo Geniza

Solomon Schechter in Cambridge with the Cairo Geniza

R. Abraham ben Harambam’s Handwriting

R. Abraham ben Harambam’s Handwriting

Rambam’s signature

Rambam’s signature

Damascus Document

Damascus Document

Structure A. Admonition (1 -8 + 19 -20) – 1. History (1. 1 -

Structure A. Admonition (1 -8 + 19 -20) – 1. History (1. 1 - 4. 12 a) – background to the community – 2. Legal (4. 12 b - 7. 9) – the significance of being outside and inside the community, some of the laws – 3. Warnings (7. 5 - 8. 19) – includes the Three Nets of Belial – 4. Supplement (19. 33 - 20. 34) – discusses apostasy, disobedience, further warnings and a promise to the faithful B. Laws (15 -16 + 9 -14) – 1. Oaths and vows (15. 1 - 9. 10 a) – taking oaths, becoming a member of the community, offerings and vows to God – 2. Sundry rulings (9. 10 b - 12. 22 a) – rules regarding witnesses, purity and purification, the Sabbath, sacrifices, gentiles and impure foods – 3. Camp laws (12. 22 b - 14. 18 a) – laws for camp living, qualification for an overseer, relations with outsiders, ranks and needs of camp members – 4. Penal code (14. 18 b - 22) – fragment concerning punishments

Was this document written by the Dead Sea Sect? • Law of charity indicate

Was this document written by the Dead Sea Sect? • Law of charity indicate private property • Laws re women indicate marriage Belongs to the early stages of the movement and governs those camps nearer to cities. Josephus also says some Essene communities marry.

הושע פרק ה )ט( אפרים לשמה תהיה ביום תוכחה בשבטי ישראל הודעתי :

הושע פרק ה )ט( אפרים לשמה תהיה ביום תוכחה בשבטי ישראל הודעתי : נאמנה : )י( היו שרי יהודה כמסיגי גבול עליהם אשפוך כמים עברתי : )יא( עשוק אפרים רצוץ משפט כי הואיל הלך אחרי צו • (9) Ephraim is stricken with horror on a day of chastisement. Against the tribes of Israel I proclaim certainties. (10) The officers of Judah have acted like shifters of filed boundaries. On them I will pour out My wrath like water. (11) Ephraim is defrauded, robbed of redress, because he was determined to follow [man’s] commandment (or, because he has witlessly gone after futility). • •

• Thanksgiving Scroll (1 QH 4: 10 -11) They planned evil [Belial] against

• Thanksgiving Scroll (1 QH 4: 10 -11) They planned evil [Belial] against me to replace your Torah which you taught in my heart with smooth things [false laws which they taught] to your people. Pesher Nahum (4 Qp. Nah 3 -4 II, 8) • The interpretation [of Nahum 3: 4] concerns those who lead Ephraim astray, whose falseness is in their teaching [talmud], and whose lying tongue and dishonest lips lead many astray

Part 5 Fragment 25 Fragment 26 Fragment 27Part 5 Fragment 25 Fragment 26 Fragment 27
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