Dairy Production Objectives A Explain the importance of

Dairy Production

Objectives A. Explain the importance of the dairy industry; B. Define terms associated with dairy production C. List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed characteristics; D. Label the internal and external parts of a dairy cow; E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production; F. Describe technologies used on the dairy and their importance; and

Objective A: Explain the importance of the dairy industry MILK 50 • U. S. daily milk production is ____ million gallons. 46 • Youth across the nation drink ______% of all milk consumed. • Milk is one of the oldest ______ foods known to man!

CHEESE • Michigan Cheese production total is 6. 7 ____ million pounds. • 30% of the nations cheese Mozzarella production is _____ • 70% of mozzarella is used on Pizza ______. A 4

ICE CREAM • Michigan Ice Cream production is 17. 3 ____million gallons per year. 18. 2 • _______million Americans eat ice cream daily. A 5

Why dairy? • Dairy foods are the richest source of _____ Calcium a critical nutrient for everyone. 95% of the • Dairy products contribute _____% calcium available in the U. S. food supply. • 9 Essential Nutrients – Calcium – Potassium – Vitamin A Vitamin D Phosphorus Vitamin B 12 Protein Riboflavin Niacin A 6

Other assets…. • Disease Prevention – Osteoporosis – Hypertension – Strokes • Recent research shows – weight loss advantages A 7

• • Calf: Young Bovine Bull: Male Bovine Steer: Castrated male bovine Heifer: Female bovine who has NOT delivered her first calf Cow: Female bovine who HAS delivered her first calf Colostrum: The first milk produced, rich in nutrients for newborn calf Freshen: To calve and begin giving milk Dry Cow: Cow no longer giving milk

C: List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed characteristics; 2 1 3 6 4 5 B 1 Source: www. bonniemohr. com

Internal Parts: Mammary System Median Suspensory Ligament Fine Membrane (Between quarters) Alveoli Outer Wall

Key External Parts Pins Hooks Rear Udder Attachment Milk Vein Fore Udder Attachment Udder Teats

E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production Heifer is bred and delivers a calf 9 months later Dry cow rests for a few months until she calves again Cow is placed in the milk herd where she stays for 12 -18 months When cow’s milk production declines, she is bred again and “dried” (stops producing milk)

How far have we come? 1 -Milking Machines and Parlors Hand milking milk ~6 cows an hour Milking parlor with automatic machines can milk ~100 cows an hour C 5

2 -Storage & Cooling 1861 Mechanical Refrigeration available 1938 Bulk tanks begin to replace milk cans From the milk can to at least a 2500 gallon tank that automatically cools the milk. C 6

3 -Artificial Insemination – Increases genetic quality and diversity – Today it’s used almost exclusively on ALL dairies. 4 - TMR – Total Mixed Rations – Important for good health and high milk production – Quality feed= high quality milk and lots of it C 7

5 - Record Keeping and Computers • DHIA – Dairy Herd Improvement Association – Record keeping system for dairies • Computer programs to better track animals: – Production – Pregnancy – Illnesses C 8

6 -BST • What is BST? – Bovine Somatotropin – a naturally-occurring protein hormone – Regulates milk production and growth in lactating dairy cows. • In 1994 Monsanto Company received approval for the commercial marketing of b. ST with the trade name POSILAC® C 9

How does it work? • b. ST has 3 functions in a very specific order. 1 - Bone Growth: if animal is not fully grown, it stimulates bone growth 2 -Maintenance: If cow doesn’t have sufficient nutrition and body fat, bst will help add body condition 3 -Milk Production: Once bone growth and maintenance are balanced, BST increases milk production. C 10 a

Safety • Cows – Cows supplemented with b. ST are healthy & have increased yields in milk – Milk composition is unaffected – Reproduction is unaffected – Performance of calves born to cows treated with b. ST is excellent • Humans – b. ST is a protein hormone, not a steroid hormone – b. ST does not alter the chemical composition in milk – The U. S. FDA has approved human consumption of milk and meat from dairy cows supplemented with b. ST C 12

Why WOULD Dairy Producers use BST? • Increased milk production = increased profits Why would they NOT use BST? • Concerned about public perception It is the CHOICE of the dairy producer C 13