Dahl Dahls argument What couldnt the Framers know

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Dahl

Dahl

Dahl’s argument • What couldn’t the Framers know? What did they get wrong? •

Dahl’s argument • What couldn’t the Framers know? What did they get wrong? • How is the Constitution undemocratic? • What is his take-home message?

Dahl’s argument • The Constitution is not a sacred text • Our system does

Dahl’s argument • The Constitution is not a sacred text • Our system does not live up to modern democratic standards • Our system of government is no better than other democratic systems

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • Other systems are? • Unitary, not federal

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • Other systems are? • Unitary, not federal

Federal Unitary Austria Costa Rica Australia Denmark Canada Finland Germany France Switzerland Iceland Belgium

Federal Unitary Austria Costa Rica Australia Denmark Canada Finland Germany France Switzerland Iceland Belgium Ireland United States Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Sweden United Kingdom

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • Other systems are: • Unitary, not federal

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • Other systems are: • Unitary, not federal • Unicameral (not bicameral) legislatures

Bicameral Unicameral Australia Costa Rica Germany Denmark Switzerland Finland United States France Iceland Ireland

Bicameral Unicameral Australia Costa Rica Germany Denmark Switzerland Finland United States France Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Sweden United Kingdom Belgium Austria

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • Other systems are: Unitary, not federal

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • Other systems are: Unitary, not federal Unicameral (not bicameral) legislatures No judicial review – Except USA, Canada, Germany

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • • Other systems are: Unitary, not

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • • Other systems are: Unitary, not federal Unicameral (not bicameral) legislatures No judicial review Parliamentary not separated system – USA the only separated system

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • • Other systems are: Unitary, not

Other democratic systems aren’t like ours! • • • Other systems are: Unitary, not federal Unicameral (not bicameral) legislatures No judicial review Parliamentary not separated system PR not Plurality

Plurality vs. Proportional Representation PLURALITY PR • Just need one more vote than next

Plurality vs. Proportional Representation PLURALITY PR • Just need one more vote than next candidate to win a seat in legislature • Party gets seats in legislature proportional to the percent of the vote it received • Favors multiple parties • Favors two parties

Our democracy is no better (or worse? ) than other democracies • • •

Our democracy is no better (or worse? ) than other democracies • • • Stability Individual rights Responsiveness Fairness to losers Effectiveness?