Dactyloscopy Dactyl Skopien Finger To study or examine

Dactyloscopy Dactyl Skopien Finger To study or examine Defined as the practical application of the science of fingerprints Involves classification and identification

Dactylography Dactylomancy The scientific study of fingerprint as a means of identification The scientific study of fingerprint for the purposes of personality interpretation Dactylo-analysis

Related Sciences to the Study of Fingerprint Chiroscopy Cheir (hand), skopien (to study) The science which deals with the study of the prints of the palms of the hand William Herschel Podoscopy Podo (foot), skopien (to study) The science which deals with the study of footprints Poroscopy Poros (a pair), skopien (to study) The scientific study of the arrangement of the sweat pores Edmond Locard- Father of Poroscopy

Fingerprint Defined as an impression or design by the first joint of the fingers and thumb on smooth surface through the media of sweat, ink or any substance capable of producing visibility.

Friction Skin Also called as papillary skin Defined as the epidermal layer found on the ventral or lower surface of the hands and feet covered with ridges and furrows

Dermal Papillae Defined as irregular pegs composed of delicate connective tissue protruding and forming ridges of the skin on the fingers, palms, toes and soles of the feet.

Fundamental layers of Friction Skin/ Epidermal Skin Epidermis-outer layer Stratum corneum Stratum mucosum Dermis-inner layer Blood vessel Dermal papillae Various glands and nerves

Components of Friction Skin Ridge surface Ridge- the elevated or hill-like structure/ the black lines with white dots Furrows-the depressed or canal-like structure/ the white space between ridges Sweat pores Sweat duct The tiny opening/ the tiny white dot The passage way Sweat gland The producers of sweat

Ridge Formation Ridges starts to form in the fingers and thumb during the 3 rd to 4 th month of fetus life

Ridge Destruction of the friction skin can either be temporary or permanent. Generally temporary destruction occur when only the epidermis layer of the friction skin has been damaged while permanent damage can be injected to the friction skin due to the damage in the dermis layer.

General Rules on Ridge Destruction of the epidermis Destruction of the dermis Temporary Permanent Cut more than 1 mm will constitute a permanent scar

Ridge Characteristics Ridge dot (Island ridge) Bifurcation A ridge formation in which a single ridge splits or divides into 2 or more ridges Converging ridge Refers to a ridge formation in a form of a dot or period Two ridges that meets at a certain point Diverging ridge Two ridges that split apart

Enclosure or Lake Ridge Ending ridge It refers to an abrupt end of a ridge Recurving ridge A single ridge that divides into two but does not remain open and meet at a certain point to form the original single ridge A single ridge that curves back to the direction where it started Sufficient recurve A recurving ridge which is complete with its shoulder free from any appendage

Appendage Rod or Bar A short ridge found at the top or summit of a recurve A short or long ridge found inside the recurve directed towards the core Obstruction ridge Short ridge found inside the recurve which blocks the inner line of flow towards the core

Type lines A diverging ridge that tends to surround the pattern area and serves as a basic boundary of fingerprint impression Pattern area A part of a loop or whorl pattern surrounded by type lines and consisting of the delta, the core and other ridges

Two Fingerprint Terminus (Focal Points) Delta Also called the outer terminus Is a point along the ridge formation found at the center or near the center of the diverging type lines Core Also called the heart or the inner terminus Usually found at the center of the innermost recurve

Pattern area