D Heynderickx DH Consultancy Leuven Belgium 31102018 RENELLA

D. Heynderickx DH Consultancy, Leuven, Belgium 31/10/2018 RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands A New Proton Low Altitude Radiation Belt (LARB) Model 1

• • • Rad. Mod Research (UK, F. Lei): prime contractor DH Consultancy (Belgium, D. Heynderickx) SPARC (Greece, I. Sandberg, C. Papadimitriou, S. A. Giamini) Kallisto Consultancy (UK, P. Truscott) CSR/UCL (Belgium, M. Cyamukungu, S. Borisov) RBISA (Belgium, N. Messios, E. De Donder) 31/10/2018 • Radiation ENvironment at Extremely Low Latitude and Altitude (RENELLA) • ESA Contract No 4000118058/16/NL/LF/hh • Consortium RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands Project 2

• • environment Develop methodology for detailed new model development Algorithms for propagation of fluxes to lower altitudes, uni<>omni, differential<>integral, East-West asymmetry Secular change in IGRF, solar cycle PLANETOCOSMICS for modelling support and validation • • • Production of new LARB model (<1, 000 km) and implementation in SPENVIS and IRBEM 31/10/2018 • XIPE (proposed X-ray mission) environment specification validation • Dataset production • Selection of primary datasets • Ingestion in ODI database • Cross-calibration • Definition of new LARB (Low Altitude Radiation Belt) proton model • Reconstruct PSB 97 model for fast revision of XIPE radiation RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands RENELLA objectives 3

• Altitude range: [100, 1000] km • Energy range: [0. 1, 1000] Me. V • Differential and integral flux • Unidirectional (pitch angle dependence) and omnidirectional flux • 2 D directionality (polar and azimuthal angle) • Secular change in geomagnetic field • Atmospheric density effects 31/10/2018 • To construct a low altitude trapped proton model covering: RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands Model requirements 4

• Low energy(directional): S 3 -3/PT (0. 1– 2. 2 Me. V) • Intermediate energy (directional): SAMPEX/PET (20– 400 Me. V), RBSPA/REPT/L 3 (21– 208 Me. V), AZUR/EI-88 (2– 70 Me. V), CRRES/PROTEL (1. 5– 83 Me. V) • High energy (omnidirectional): RBSPA/RPS/L 2 (58– 1, 300 Me. V) • Auxiliary datasets • PROBA 1/SREM (12. 4– 220 Me. V) • PROBAV/EPT (11– 273 Me. V) • S 3 -3/PT and AZUR/EI-88 data averages are used to extend spectra to low energies 31/10/2018 • Prime datasets RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands Data coverage 5

RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands 31/10/2018 Data coverage: SAMPEX/PET 6

RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands 31/10/2018 Data coverage: RBSPA/REPT 7

RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands 31/10/2018 Data coverage: RBSPA/RPS 8

RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands 31/10/2018 Data coverage: CRRES/PROTEL 9

• How to combine data from different epochs • How to use the model with recent magnetic field models • Atmospheric effects are not represented • TREND method: (K, nhmin) map • Kauffman K = I √B • Atmospheric density at lowest mirror point • Advantages • • • hmin is proxy of L* (invariant to secular variation of magnetic field) Using n incorporates atmospheric driving K “squares” the flux maps Data from different epochs can be combined Only 1 model map is needed (per energy) 31/10/2018 • “Classic” method using (L, α 0) maps breaks down RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands LARB model definition 10

• Generate yearly (L, α 0) -> (I, K, hmin) maps (using mid-year IGRF and updated magnetic field model) with UNILIB • Fit hmin(I) dependence as a parabola and store the fit parameters • Use inverse fit to derive α 0 c(104 km) • Data binning (per energy channel) • • Calculate (L, I, K, α 0) for each data record Calculate hmin(I) using the stored parabolic fit coefficients Calculate n(hmin) Bin in (K, n(hmin)) grids 31/10/2018 • hmin is found by tracing the drift shell • This is time consuming RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands Calculating n at hmin 11

31/10/2018 • RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands Atmospheric density model 12

31/10/2018 • Since TREND-3, no additional low altitude data with azimuthal dependence have become available • Therefore, use the azimuthal dependence model derived in TREND-3 • Integrate the ANISO code into the model suite • When running the model, calculate omnidirectional flux at each time step RENELLA MS 2 b, ESTEC, The Netherlands East-West effect 13