Cyprus Delegation CERN 1 Cyprus Delegation CERN P

Cyprus Delegation @ CERN 1 Cyprus Delegation @ CERN, P. Razis

UCY HEP Ø “THANK YOU” to the CERN Management for facilitating our efforts to enlarge the Cyprus Scientific Team Ø “WELCOME” to the Cyprus Delegation at CERN Cyprus-CERN Committee 1. University of Cyprus 2. Cyprus University of Technology 3. European University Cyprus 4. Frederick University 5. University of Nicosia 6. Neapolis University 7. The Cyprus Institute 8. The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 2

UCY HEP Contents § § § § Introduction, CERN The UCY- HEP Group Contributions to the L 3 Experiment at LEP Contributions to the CMS Experiment at LHC New Contributions Further Plans - Future Perspectives Technical Protocols Cyprus-CERN Conclusions Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 3

UCY HEP CERN: 1 st cell of European integration, renowned Research Center Basic research: origin, structure & evolution of the Universe Applied research: high technology innovative products & services Education: production & dissemination of knowledge, CERN Schools, training, skills & new methodologies Nobel Prize discoveries (W±, Z, PWC, Higgs) www (global information system, hypertext, internet) Grid (Tier 0, remote processing worldwide) Accelerators, Superconductivity, Magnets Isotopes, Medical Physics, Radiation Physics, New Materials Detectors–DAQ Electronics–Processors. Worldwide Collaboration: exchange of personnel & ideas, team work Knowledge Transfer and Procurement (contracts adjudicated) Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 4

UCY HEP 1. Study of the Atom atomic structure chemical/physical properties of matter atomic transitions E/M radiation, spectra, lasers electrical charge conductors, semiconductors, electronics telecommunications, computers, electronic appliances 2. Study of the Nucleus nuclear structure isotopes, medical diagnosis, archeometry changes Ε-Μ particle radiation fission-fusion of nuclei, reactors, energy production medical therapy, agriculture, industry nuclear factories, medical diagnosis and therapy, fusion Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 5

UCY HEP 3. Particle Studies Accelerators: 99% in applications: Medicine: radioisotopes, X-rays production, particle beam therapy Materials industry: integrated circuits, ions-implantations, alloys Chemistry/Biology/Solid state: synchrotron radiation, high intensity beams Food industry: food preservation, fighting against germs Agriculture/Oceanography: samples dating Superconductivity Industry: magnets, RFCs, high speed trains, minerals separation, carbon cleaning, superconducting materials in accelerators /energy storage Medicine: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), tumors’ diagnosis & therapy, NMR tomography. Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 6

UCY HEP Detectors Industry: Geiger counters & scintillators, steel/carbon industry, food industry, defense systems Medicine: radiation detection, proportional chambers, tomography Solar Energy: Cerenkov counters, mirrors, solar panels Industry/Biology: bubble chambers technique for maps reading, cells recognition, detection of defected materials Electronics new standards (camac, fastbus), faster ADC’s, TDC’s, more accurate measurements Computers/Networks faster/cheaper computers, larger memories, more efficient architectures, faster networks New applications accelerators for energy production and neutralization of radioactive waste Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 7

UCY UCY-HEP Group HEP University of Cyprus: founded in 1989 Physics BSc program started in 1993, MSc-Ph. D in 1999 UCY-HEP group: founded in 1992: § P. Razis F. Ptochos Professor, experiment Assoc. Prof. , experiment § E. Dimovasili, J. Mousa, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis Research Associates § Ch. Nicolaou M. Constantinou § E. Ioannou, D. Tsiakkouri, W. Ather, E. Erodotou, K. Christoforou, M. Kolosova, S. Constantinou § Several MSc & BSc students § Many ex-members Electronics Engineer Computer Engineer Ph. D Students Final Year Projects Employed abroad Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 8

UCY-HEP Group UCY HEP Since founding the Group: § 9 Postdoctoral Fellows § 13 Ph. D students § 3 Electronic Engineers § 14 MSc thesis students § 19 Local Research Collaborators § > 60 Final Year Projects students Despite the: § lack of critical mass of people § insufficient support for Ph. D students § moderate infrastructure § difficulties to activate industry, companies, private sector § brain drain § lack of venture capital companies in Cyprus § lack of flexibility in procedures Established a strong Group with international reputation 9

LEP Program - L 3 Experiment (1989 -2000) e+ e- hadrons ECM= 90 -209 Ge. V L= ~1032 cm-2 s-1 B= 0. 5 Tesla L 3 Experiment LEP tunnel Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 10

L 3 Experiment (1989 -2000) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Contributions of UCY-HEP Alignment of the L 3 Muon Spectrometer (Laser Beacon) Calibration of the L 3 Muon Spectrometer (N 2 Laser) Participation in Shifts and Test Beam runs Quality control of Muon Spectrometer Monitoring Systems Monte Carlo Simulation of rare events & exotic processes Analysis of new particle searches (rare and exotic decays) (Convenor) – Direct contribution on: Z 0 lineshape particle matching e+ e- Z eμ, μτ, eτ e+ e- γ γ (γ) search for excited leptons search for Z’ search for MSSM higgs search for neutralino Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 11

L 3 Muon Spectrometer He-Ne Laser Beacon: Alignment N 2 Laser: Calibration of Ud 16 50 Ge. V μ 24 s 16 48μm 45μm ~30μm Laser light ionizes TMPD dopant Simulation of infinite Pμ Torsion measured to: ± 25μrad ± 10μm Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 12

L 3 Results/Limits (1) Measurement of # of neutrino families indirectly Nν=2. 9840 0. 0082 (LEP) directly Nν=2. 98 0. 05 0. 04 (L 3) (2) Prediction of top quark mass mt (LEP) = 177 11 19 Ge. V mt (CDF) = 174 10 13 Ge. V Σήμερα: = 171. 2 2. 1 Ge. V (3) Measurment of Z 0 lineshape MZ = 91. 1898 0. 0031 Ge. V ΓΖ = 2. 5024 0. 0042 Ge. V (4) Search for new particles MH>112 Ge. V MH>114. 4 Ge. V Mh>86. 0 Ge. V MSSM MH=129+74 -49 MA>86. 5 Ge. V SM higgs MH±>76. 5 Ge. V (5) Search for excited particles me* > 100. 1 Ge. V mνe*> 99. 3 Ge. V mμ* > 100. 3 Ge. V mνμ* >99. 4 Ge. V mτ* > 99. 9 Ge. V mντ* > 93. 9 Ge. V Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 13

L 3 Results/Limits (6) Search for Supersymmetric Dark Matter Neutralinos Χ 01 , Χ 02 , Χ 03 , Χ 04 Χ 01 = Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) mΧ 01 > 32. 5 Ge. V tanβ > 0. 7 (7) Tests of QED / Rare Decays Br (Z μτ )<19 x 10 -6 Br(Z π0γ) <5. 2 x 10 -5 LFV Br (Z eτ )<13 x 10 -6 Br(Z γγ) <5. 2 x 10 -5 Br(Z eμ ) <6 x 10 -6 Br(Z ηγ) <7. 6 x 10 -5 (8) Measurement of the W properties Mw = 80. 270 0. 046 0. 031 Ge. V Γw = 2. 18 0. 11 0. 09 Ge. V Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 14

L 3 Results/Limits Number of Neutrino Families m > 114. 6 Ge. V 15 Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis

Results – All Experiments Running of αs = f (Energy Scale) Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 16

L 3 Results/Limits Without Supersymmetry SUPERSYMMETRY symmetry between matter particles (fermions) and particles transmitting the interactions (bosons) With Supersymmetry Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 17

LHC Program-CMS Experiment CERN - LHC 27 km perimeter Lac Leman Genève CMS LHCb ALICE ATLAS 18 Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis

Physics Program at LHC Questions addressed by LHC 1. Origin of Mass 2. 3. 4. 5. Most matter in Universe is Dark. What is it composed of ? Antimatter is extinct from the Universe; Why ? Search for Supersymmetry Why is gravity so many orders of magnitude weaker that the other forces ? 6. Are there extra dimensions ? Related critical questions pending --- What is the origin of Dark Energy ? --- Are there parallel universes ? 19

fastest tracks in the Universe 27 Km, 11000/sec, 99. 99991% c coldest place in the Universe temperature in the beam tube -271 οC best vacuum in the Universe pressure in the beam tube 10 -13 atm hottest place in the Galaxy temperature of collisions 109 x Sun center

CMS Experiment (1995 -today) P-P Collisions ECM= 13 Te. V L= 2 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 B= 3. 8 Tesla 21 Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis

CMS Experiment (1995 -today) P-P Collisions ECM= 13 Te. V L= 2 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 B= 3. 8 Tesla Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 22

CMS Detector Systems Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 23

CMS Experiment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Contributions of UCY-HEP Member of the Consortium for constructing the 5 Barrel Yoke Wheels and the Vacuum Tank of the CMS Magnet Participation in the construction of the CMS ECAL Calibration of the VFE electronics of the CMS ECAL Algorithms for the correction of ECAL signal Participation in Shifts & Beam Tests Quality control of the CMS Tracker Data (Convenorship) Monte Carlo Simulation LHC Computing GRID Analysis Early Resonances, Heavy Flavor Physics, Bose -Einstein Correlations, searches for SM, MSSM & NMSSM higgs bosons, data ECAL/Tracking quality Organizing Meetings & CERN Schools in Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 24

UCY-HEP Contributions First wheel: CMS Barrel Yoke Disks (small angles) CMS Magnet Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 25

UCY-HEP Contributions Participation in the construction of ECAL Detector Calibration & Study of the VFE Cards: (a) Response vs Radiation (b) Temperature and HV changes (c) Electronic Noise (d) Energy distribution (e) Signal Amplification (f) Quantum Efficiency (g) Collection Time (h) Light Production Collaboration with: CERN, Imperial College, Lyon, ETH CMS ECAL Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 26

UCY-HEP Contributions CMS Week-Cyprus, 2008 Limassol 27

UCY-HEP Contributions CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING, 2013 Nicosia 28

UCY-HEP Contributions q Detector: Ø ECAL: data quality monitoring Ø Tracker: channels status, tracker calibration q Physics analysis: Participation in the first CMS/LHC results, data at 0. 9 & 2. 36 Te. V Ø : tracking performance, d. E/dx PID, MC tuning Ø Bose-Einstein correlations with low p. T min. bias events one of the first few CMS public analysis results Ø b-physics: Ø mixing using di-muons (tracking, reconstruction, efficiency, fakes, MC tuning and generation) Ø correlated production cross section Target: prove/disprove the excess of multi-muon events reported by CDF using 7 Te. V LHC data Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 29

UCY-HEP Contributions q Physics analysis: Ø Search for where Ø Search for light CP-even NMSSM higgs: Ø Measurement of the production cross section Ø Single top production and tagging using electrons Goal: gain expertise with all lepton ids: electron, muon, tau tracking and b-tagging for next analysis efforts Ø Search for SM Higgs H γγ (simulation, ECAL resolution improvement algorithms) q Establishment of High Performance Computer: A High Performance Linux Cluster (HPLC) for Monte Carlo simulation and physics analysis Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 30

Search for the Higgs (Η γγ) H gg candidate Candidate for Η γγ 31

Search for the Higgs (Η γγ) Mass Resolution Δm. H / m. H < 1% Irreducible background: qq γγ gg γγ isolated pair production Mainly reducible background: g + jet where “jet” = π0 γγ Less than 15% of the irreducible background More than 5σ effect Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 32

UCY-HEP High Performance Computing MAIN FEATURES 3 master/128 slave nodes, 616 cores – another 400 cores Gigabit Ethernet network for inter-processor communications most nodes 2 x 1 Gbps 33 Modularity, expandability, data transfer, storage and analysis

UCY-HEP: New Contributions q Physics analysis: 3 new Ph. Ds awarded based on 2016 data, √s= 13 Te. V : (1) Search for charged Higgs boson pp H±(b)t M. Ather (hadronic final states) (2) Search for the exotic decay H α α μμττ E. Erodotou (3) Search for the exotic decay H α α bbττ D. Tsiakkouri q Work on the CMS trigger: Improvement of the Level 1 trigger of CMS for the HL-LHC phase of the Experiment to cope with the big increase in the number of minimum bias events per bunch crossing q Radiation Protection Expert: Radiation Safety and coordination in Point 5 (CMS Experiment). Dr. E. Dimovasili Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 34

Further Plans - Future Perspectives v HL-LHC, CMS ØTracker upgrade: collaboration with Catania, ETH, Padova Ø High Granularity Calorimeter upgrade: collaboration with USA Inst. Ø Trigger upgrade: collaboration with Greek Universities (Ioannina, Athens, Demokritos National Lab) Ø R&D on dual readout calorimeter: collaboration with Fermilab and University of Udine Ø Expand collaboration with CERN: (P. Lecoq) and Frascati Ø Testing / development of crystals: Si. PMs, possible spinoffs, involve engineering & material scientists v Collaboration on Electronics: Ø Flexible electronics, integrated circuits, radiation hard materials v Collaboration on LHC phenomenology: Ø Join existing theoretical projects v Activities to organize in Cyprus Ø CERN Accelerator School, Analysis Workshops Ø Develop testing stations for electronic modules Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 35

Further Plans – Future Perspectives v Medical Physics collaboration with CERN Ø HERMES Network (Greece, Cyprus, CERN): universities, medical centers, companies ALREADY DEVELOPED Ø Expand collaboration with CERN: development of detectors with better resolution & higher granularity UNDER DEVELOPMENT Ø Collaboration on Cyprus Cyclotron: promotion/ implementation of Business Plan ALREADY DEVELOPED Ø Practical Testing of crystals, Si. PMs and other detectors with aim the better specifications for diagnostic purposes and hadron therapy UNDER DEVELOPMENT Ø Collaboration with Bo. C Oncology Center: Radiation Oncology, Diagnostics, PET scanner v Collaboration on Data Science: Ø Develop program on AI, Machine Learning & Deep Learning UNDER DEVELOPMENT Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 36

Further Plans- Future Perspectives v Production of high-technology systems CNE Technology Ltd. Cyprus Sextupole magnets for the SESAME storage ring Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 37

Technical Protocol Cyprus-CERN (Physics) Participation of Universities and Scientific Institutions from Cyprus in the High-Energy Particle Physics Programme at CERN 12. 1 Scientific and technical personnel participating in the CMS Experiment 12. 2 Travel expenses and subsistence payments for participating in the CMS Experiment 12. 3 Participation in the Construction, Maintenance and Operation of the CMS Experiment 12. 4 Expenditures for Materials, Services and Equipment at CERN 12. 5 Expenditures for Materials and Equipment in the Republic of Cyprus 12. 6 Theoretical Physics funds 12. 7 Other Physics Projects at CERN linked to High Energy Physics 12. 8 Workshops – Schools Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 38

Technical Protocol Cyprus-CERN (Computing) Participation of Universities and Scientific Institutions from Cyprus in the High-Performance Computing and Applications Programme at CERN 12. 1 12. 2 12. 3 12. 4 Enabling Grids for E-scienc. E LHC Computing Grid Project (LCG) CERN Openlab for Data. Grid Applications Other projects at CERN linked to High-Performance Computing Technical Protocols must be updated, renewed and supported in terms of funding and manpower Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 39

UCY HEP Conclusions 1. Strong program and opportunities to attract Cypriot researchers of diaspora and others 2. Some of our talented students pursue careers abroad Z. Zenonos (Pisa), A. Petrides (Sweden, Australia), A. Alekou (Imperial, CERN), N. Eracleous (Aachen, CERN), C. Chadjivasiliou (Syracuse) 3. Need to establish Research Fellowships for Ph. D students and more research positions 4. Extend Technical Protocols of Cooperation with CERN (Physics, Computing) 5. Joint organization with CERN of summer schools and conferences 6. Potential for developing applications: detectors, electronics, monitoring/control systems, Grid computing, medical physics Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 40

BACKUP MATERIAL Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. Razis 41

UCY-HEP Contributions The Φ(1020) meson is reconstructed looking at its decay into two charged kaons: Φ →K+KK± are reconstructed in the CMS tracker Event and track selection “Minimum bias” events at s½=0. 9 Te. V Standard track quality cuts Formed pairs with opposite-curvature tracks identified as kaons K compatibility requested only for tracks with p<1 Ge. V If at least one track fails the d. E/dx cut, no peak is visible Reconstruction of Φ(1020)→K+K- 42

UCY-HEP Contributions Mass and resolution is in very good agreement respectively with PDG and simulation Differences in S/B depend from bad MC reproduction of data – under investigation by CMS Result in a public CMS note (CMS PAS TRK-10 -001), a paper is in preparation Monte Carlo Simulation Φ(1020)→K K mass fit + - 43

UCY-HEP Contributions Probability for identical boson particles (signal) to have similar momenta is enhanced with respect to uncorrelated case (reference) due to Bose-Einstein statistics Studied as a ratio R(Q) between the signal and a reference distribution Q depends on the 4 -momentum difference between the two particles Distorsions due to reference are treated using double ratios Rdata/RMC and looking at several reference samples (7 in our case) We verified that BEC is only present for identical particles Bose-Einstein Correlation (BEC) 44

UCY-HEP Contributions BEC is seen as an enhancement of the ratio at low Q-values The ratio is fitted assuming an exponential form of the correlation Gaussian form (more used in literature) is very disfavored by our data Some regions are excluded from the fit due to bad modeling of resonances in MC The fit gives information on the size and shape of the particle-emitting region and on the strength of the correlation These are the first measurements of the BEC in proton-proton collisions at 0. 9 Te. V and the first absolute measurement of BEC at 2. 36 Te. V BEC – Results 45

UCY-HEP Contributions We found an interesting effect linking the parameters of BEC to the total charged multiplicity in the event The radius r is found to increase significantly with Ntracks This effect is present in 0. 9 Te. V and in 2. 36 Te. V data (not shown in figure) This has already been measured by other experiments in the past, although it seems that there is no simple theoretical explantion for it Results in a public CMS note (CMS PAS QCD-10 -003) and a paper BEC – Dependence on Charged Multiplicity 46

Inclusive/Dijet Measurements in CMS (CMS paper to be published in June) 47 DIS 2012 29/03/2012 O. Kaya

G. Mavromanolakis, Data Quality and Detector Monitoring Systems for the CALICE R&D testbeam campaigns 48

Detector R&D for particle flow calorimetry and dual readout techniques CALICE R&D for particle flow calorimetry Detector R&D and prototype testing at DESY, CERN, FNAL (potential technologies: micromegas, gem, heavy crystal fiber scintillators) 49 DIS 2012 29/03/2012 O. Kaya G. Mavromanolakis

High Performance Linux Cluster, HPLC Affiliated Faculty • Prof. Panos Razis • Prof. Charalambos Tsertos • Assoc. Prof. Fotios Ptochos Current Research Staff • Dr. Jehad Mousa • Dr. Alexandros Attikis • Dr. Georgios Mavromanolakis • Dr. Evangelia Dimovasili • Charalambos Nicolaou (Elec. Eng. ) Ph. D. Students • Mr. Aimilios Ioannou • Mr. Mohsan Waseem Ather • Mrs. Eleni Erodotou • Mrs. Marina Kolosova • Mrs. Demetra Tsiakkouri • Mr. Stratis Pantelides • Mr. George Charitou MSc. Students • Mrs. Mikela Haraki • Mrs. Sotiroulla Konstantinou • Mrs. Marina Toumazou Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. 50

High Performance Computing High Performance Linux Cluster (HPLC) HEP Cluster QTY master nodes arch CPU Cores Clock Total (GHz) Cores 1 -- -- -- node 11 -12 2 x 86_64 2 2 3. 00 8 node 13 -20 8 x 86_64 2 4 2. 27 64 node 21 -22 2 x 86_64 2 4 2. 40 16 node 23 -114 storage susbsystems 92 X 86_64 2 2 2. 00 total raw 2 capacity: 23 TB Nodes 11 -114: 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps Ethernet, Intel Xeon processors 368 Service /admin comms 456 Serial Applications Cyprus Delegation@CERN, P. 51

High Performance Computing High Performance Linux Cluster (HPLC) Nuclear Physics Cluster master nodes node 26 -45 storage subsystems service/admin comms No of Cores/CP CPUs U CLK (GHz) Tot. Cores QTY arch 2 -- -- -- 20 x 86_64 2 4 2. 33 160 4 total raw capacity: 16 TB Nodes 26 -45: 1 Gbps Ethernet, Intel Xeon processors 160 Serial Applications 52

TIER definitions: The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) is composed of four levels, or “Tiers”, called 0, 1, 2 and 3 made up of several computer centers, processing, storing and analyzing all the data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Tier 0: is the CERN Data Centre providing less than 20% of the Grid's total computing capacity. CERN is responsible for the safe keeping of the raw data and performs the first pass, reconstructing them into meaningful information. Tier 0 distributes the raw data & the reconstructed output to Tier 1 s, and reprocesses data when the LHC is not running. Tier 1: consists of computer centers large enough to store LHC data. They provide round -the-clock support for the Grid, and are responsible for storing a proportional share of raw and reconstructed data, as well as performing large-scale reprocessing and storing the corresponding output; distributing data to Tier 2 s; and storing a share of the simulated data that the Tier 2 s produce. Optical-fibre links working at 10 gigabits per second connect CERN to each of the major Tier 1 centers around the world. Tier 2: are typically universities and other scientific institutes that can store sufficient data and provide adequate computing power for specific analysis tasks. They handle a proportional share of the production and reconstruction of simulated events. Individual scientists can access the Grid through local (or Tier 3) computing resources, which can consist of local clusters in a university department or even an individual PC. There is no formal engagement between WLCG and Tier 3 resources. 53