Cultures and Societies 5 Themes of Geography Place

Cultures and Societies 5 Themes of Geography! Place: “What is it like when you get there? ”

Culture

Culture • The word culture is used to describe not just how you greet people but also – ideas, – skills, – arts, – and tools that are different in each of the world’s many human societies.

United States • What are some ways in which the culture in the United States is different from other cultures?

Human Societies • Human society is an organized group of people identified by its – customs, – traditions, – and way of life.

Share time! • Does your family have any customs or traditions?

Characteristics of Culture • People are not born with knowledge of their culture. • They learn it by living in a family and growing up as a member of a society. • The process of learning culture is called enculturation.

Enculturation • Through enculturation people in a society learn to speak the same: – Language – Wear the same kind of clothing – Prepare the same kind of food – Share the same values

Enculturation • Makes it possible for each person in a society to have a relationship (or connection) to the other people in the same cultural group.

A society’s culture is made up of: • Culture traits (or characteristics). – 1. material • Objects (clothes, buildings, artworks, machines) • Easily seen when you visit a new place – 2. nonmaterial • Practices and beliefs such as: – – Customs Ceremonies Spoken language Religion

Material:

Nonmaterial: Religon

Nonmaterial culture traits • Can be expressed through material culture. – Paintings (material) that show a culture’s idea of beauty (nonmaterial). – Literature (material) that is about a family member’s role (nonmaterial).

• The 45, 000 -plus Bunun live in Taiwan's central mountains at altitudes higher than any other people. • They are best known for their millet and ear-shooting ceremonies, but even more so for their beautiful polyharmonic choral singing. • Bunun men and women posing in their village. http: //www. formosatribal. com

A group of related cultural traits make • A cultural pattern: – Can include both material and nonmaterial – Example: langue patterns include both written language (material) and spoken language (nonmaterial)

Review: • What are some traits that define the culture of a society?

5 Themes of Geography: • Movement! – “People and Ideas get around!”

Cultures Change… • Some countries include many cultural groups with very different cultures. (like the U. S. ) • Some countries have only one major culture (like Japan).

Why do some countries have cultures that change and others don’t?

Cultural Borrowing • No society is so isolated that it never has contact in some way with others. • When societies interact, they sometimes take culture traits from one another and use them as their own.

Cultural Borrowing • As a result of cultural borrowing, only about 10 percent of a society’s culture traits are its very own. _______ percent is borrowed. • Examples: – Clothing – Music – Sports

What are some effects of cultural borrowing? • Why do you think cultures might borrow traits from one another?

Cultures spread • When one society borrows a culture trait from another society, this spread of culture is called • Cultural diffusion! • What do you think helps spread ideas the most?

Cultural Diffusion • In Latin word "diffundere" means "to spread out“.

Technology helps move ideas…

Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in 1892.

“People and ideas get around!” • Migration is another factor of cultural diffusion. • What is migration?

“People and ideas get around!” • When people of one culture move to another culture, they may find that another culture is more common there. • Newcomers may give up their traditional ways and become part of the main culture. • Can you think of any examples?

Assimilation • Assimilation: when the culture traits of the newcomers become similar to those of the people in their new country.

Acculturation • When two societies have contact with one another for a long time, the exchange of culture traits is called acculturation. • What is the dominant language in Brazil?

Religion, like language, also spreads

Review: • What factors contribute to cultural diffusion? 1. Communication technology 2. Migration 3. Conquest

How do the languages spoken in North and South America an example of acculturation? Country or Region Colonial Ruler Language Spoken United States Britain English Canada Britain and France English, French Mexico Spain Spanish

Discussion: • How does the cultural diversity affect the culture of the United States?

Venn Diagram • What are some customs or traditions that originated in America? • What are borrowed?

National Cultures • As a result of migration (people moving) and cultural diffusion (cultures spreading), some countries include a wide variety of ethnic groups. • An ethnic group is a group of people who have the same culture and share a way of life.

National Cultures • Having different ethnic groups within the same country is known as cultural diversity. • Diversity means “the condition of being different or varied”.

Cultural Diversity • Although some people within a country may be divided into ethnic groups, they are united through their shared national culture. • Like societies, a national culture has its own culture trains, both material and nonmaterial.

National Culture traits: • • Flag (material or nonmaterial? ) National Anthem (material or nonmaterial? ) Pledge of Allegiance (material or nonmaterial? ) National Holidays (material or nonmaterial? )

A country’s heritage • Ways of life • Customs • Beliefs that come from the past and continue today • National holidays celebrate: – Independence – Founders and leaders

Review: • A country’s culture traits and heritage are learned through the process of enculturation. • What is enculturation again? • They are passed on to newcomers in the country though the process of assimilation. • What is assimilation again?

Question: • How does a national culture help unite people in a country?