CULTURE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES Chapter 5 Culture is

CULTURE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES Chapter 5

Culture is a complex concept Def #1 A particular way of life, such as a set of skilled activities, values, & meanings surrounding a particular type of practice Def#2 A shared set of meanings that is lived through the material & symbolic practices of everyday life Could be values, beliefs, ideas, and practices

Culture Hearths Definition: Areas where innovations in culture began, such as where agriculture, government, and urbanization originated Sources of human civilization Ancient Hearth Direction of Diffusion of Civilization from Ancient Hearth Andean America Eastward t/out S. America Mesoamerica Eastern/Western N. America West Africa T/out Africa Nile River Valley T/out Africa and S. W. Asia Ancient culture hearths Mesopotamia believed to have developed in places with the capacity for innovation Indus River Near sources of Valley water/ arable land Not all innovations Ganges River Valley T/out S. W. Asia, Europe, Central and East Asia, W. Africa T/out S. W. , Central, East Asia T/out South, SE, and SW Asia

STOP Come up with a list of innovations that defined these ancient cultures: Ex: Indus = grainery

Culture Hearths What other parts of culture have hearths? Music Example? Fashion Example? Sports Example? Religion Example?

Layers of a Culture Traits Def: Ex: bowing to show respect Not always unique to one group Culture Complex Def: Combination of all culture traits creates a unique set of traits No two cultures in the world have the same culture complexes Culture Regions A single attribute of a culture Def: Region that includes places and peoples with similarities in their culture complexes People in culture region often share a sense of common culture and regional identity Boundaries defined by perceptions and opinions

Layers of a Culture Systems Def: When many culture complexes share particular traits, those traits can merge into culture systems Culture Realms Def: Formed through the fusing together of culture regions that share enough in common to be merged together ex: Anglo-American realm Latin American realm Sino- Japanese realm

Cultural Convergence and Divergence Cultural Convergence Definition: Acculturation Occurs when two cultures adopt each other’s traits and become more alike Cultural Divergence Assimilation Occurs when two cultures become increasingly different Occurs when two cultures come into contact with one another and the “weaker” of the two adopts traits from the more dominant culture Sometimes acculturation leads to assimilation Often one group moves away from the territory of other When the original traits of the weaker culture are completely replaced by more dominant culture Transculturation When two cultures of just about equal power meet and exchange ideas

Acculturation NH BMHAWK #3 BMHAWK #4 Assimilation