Culture Care Theory Madeleine Leininger Culture Care Diversity

Culture Care Theory 文化照護理論 Madeleine Leininger Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory 13

n New knowledge and practices are essential for nurses to function in a rapidly changing multicultural world. n Nurses needed in-depth knowledge of cultures with an anthropological view and in-depth, culturally based care phenomena. n The cultural care theory provides some entirely new teaching content ways to care for immigrants and refugees of many different and neglected cultures. 14

Culturally Congruent Care 文化融合性的照護 p Culturally congruent care refers to culturally based care knowledge, acts and decisions used in sensitive and knowledgeable ways to appropriately and meaningfully fit the cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways of clients for their health and wellbeing, or to prevent illness, disabilities, or death. p 文化融合性的照護是依據文化照護(cultural nursing) 的理 念, 提供與個人或群體的文化價值觀、信仰及生活方式互相 融合的護理措施, 以促進個人或群體的健康狀態. 15

Culture Care (文化照顧) Refers to the values & beliefs that assist, support, or enable another person or group to maintain well-being, improve personal condition, or face death or disability p Is universal, but the actions, expressions, patterns, lifestyles, and meanings of care may be different p Knowledge of cultural diversity is essential for nursing to provide appropriate care to clients, families, and communities p 17

Culture Care Diversity 文化照護的差異性 p p It refers to the differences or variabilities among human beings with respect to culture care meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, symbols or other features related to providing beneficial care to clients of a designated. 不同文化狀況裡, 對於協助、支持或增進他人健康、 幸福、生活及面對殘廢或死亡有不同的價值觀、 信仰及方式。 19

Culture Care Universality 文化照顧的同通性 p p It refers to the commonly shared or similar culture care phenomena features of human beings or a group with recurrent meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols that serve as a guide for care givers to provide assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling people care for healthy outcomes. 在不同文化狀況下, 對於協助、支持或增進他人 健康、幸福、生活及面對殘廢或死亡有相同的 價值觀、 信仰及方式。 20

Transcultural Nursing 汎文化護理 p It is a discipline with a body of knowledge and practices to attain and maintain the goal of culturally congruent care for health and wellbeing. http: //www. culturediversity. org/basic. htm 21

The Sunrise Enabler • The theory includes an enabler ( Dr. Leininger prefers it not be called a model), serves as a conceptual guide or cognitive map to guide nurses in the systematic study of all dimensions of theory. • This map or guide is called the Sunrise Enabler. 22

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The Sunrise Enabler • 「日出模式」主要項目有世界觀 (worldview) 及文化和 社會結構因素 (cultural & social structure dimensions)； 文化和社會結構因素又包括文化價值觀及生活方式 (cultural values & lifeways)，宗教、哲學或靈性因素 (religious & philosophical factors)，科技因素 (technological factors)，親戚和社會因素 (kinship & social factors)，經濟因素 (economic factors)，教育因素 (educational factors) 及政治和法律因素 (political & legal factors)。這些因素會影響到個案的整體性健康。 24

3 Modes of Nursing Action 1. Culture care preservation or maintenance 2. Culture care accommodation or negotiation 3. Culture care restructuring or repatterning 25

Theory’s Purpose & Goal Purpose: to explicate transcultural nursing knowledge and practice Goal: to identify ways to provide culturally congruent nursing care to people of diverse or similar cultures 27

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Culture and nursing 1. The influence of cultural background upon nursing 2. Leininger’s Transcultural nursing theory 3. The principles of cultural nursing 4. The strategies of cultural nursing 29

The influence of cultural background upon nursing (1) Cultural background influences (2) the reasons of producing diseases. value concept, attitude or life style in culture may influence the occurrence of some diseases 30

(2) Cultural background influences patients’ reaction to diseases. 1) Gender 2) Educational background 3) Family’s support 31

(3) Cultural background influences patients’ manner of seeing a physician 1）Religious conception 2) Economic condition 32

(4) Culture influences a person’s cognition to death 1）Chinese traditional culture of emotional state on death 2）Chinese traditional behavioral culture on death 33

Leininger’s Transcultural nursing theory 1. (1) The formation of theory 2. (2) Basic content of theory 3. (3) Goal of theory 34

Basic content of theory (1) Cultural care is a necessary qualification to the survival of human being (2) The nationalities with different culture in the world have the universality (commonness) and speciality of culture care. (3) Culture care is divided into general care and professional care. 35

Goal of theory To provide the nursing care corresponding to culture for the health of individual, family and colony. 36

The principles of cultural nursing (1)principle of comprehension (2)principle of education (3) principle of mobilization 37

(4) Principle of giving suggestions (5)Principle of wholeness 38

4) To seek supportive system 5) To pay attention to the diversity on value conception 6) To follow the principles of cultural nursing 39

Strategies of cultural nursing (1) The nursing strategies of meeting patients’ cultural needs (2) The nursing strategies that help patients to adapt hospital’s cultural environment. 40

Strategies of meeting patients’ cultural needs 1)To understand patients’ behavior of seeing a physician 2)To identify patients’ reaction to disease. 3) To establish a nurse-patient relationship adapted to cultural phenomena 41

strategies that help patients to adapt hospital’s cultural environment 1) To help patients to be familiar with the environment of hospital as soon as possible 2) To establish a good relationship between nurse and patient. 42

3) To respect patients’ habits and customs a. Diet b. Special taboo c. National convention 43

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