CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Objectives Understand economy as inseparable from
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY � Objectives: � Understand economy as inseparable from the parts of culture and society � Describe and give examples of each of the modes of exchange
REVIEW � Social Statuses � Social Institutions
ASCRIBED STATUS � Based on characteristics that are gained through birth � Generally more closed � Factors � Race, are less in control of the individual gender, ethnicity, age, caste, etc.
ACHIEVED STATUS � Based on characteristics that are gained through action � Generally more open � Factors are more in control of the individual � Occupation, membership
LEBRON JAMES
Ascribed Status: Achieved Status: JESSICA ALBA
Ascribed Status: Achieved Status: YOU!
ECONOMICS IN ANTHROPOLOGY � Linking of economics with social life � Economy � Studies as integral part of culture and society what people need/want and how they can get those things.
PHASES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY � Production � Transforming nature’s raw materials � Products � Distribution � Getting and Exchange products of production to people � Different modes of exchange can co-exist
MODES OF EXCHANGE � Reciprocity- exchange of goods/services of equal value � Generalized� Maximum � Balanced- trust exchange in equal value � Reciprocate � Moderate � Negative- not keeping tabs, close relationship what you have given of trust and social distance trying to get the best deal � Minimum trust- Maximum social distance
MODES OF EXCHANGE CONT. � Redistribution- organization requires centralized social � Taxes, government systems � Communal Potlatch � Market exchange- involved a multi-purpose medium of exchange with a standard value (money) � Capitalist Market Exchange � Assumes that supply and demand determine both production and consumption in societies.
PHASES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY � Consumption � Using up of products � Differences in consumption patterns across cultures
2 BASIC WAYS TO CONSUME � Internal- consumption fulfills basic human needs � Emphasizes dependence of humans on physical world for survival � External� Ways cultural ecology of satisfying basic human needs are determined by environmental factors
TERRORISM � People tend to be poor and lack resources so they look for safety. � Safety if found in this kind of group because they will supply goods for the family.
CULTURAL PATTERNING OF CONSUMPTION � Consumption human choices reveal what it is to be
OBJECTIVES � Define both macro and micro cultures giving examples of each. ___________________ ___ � Agenda � Short intelligence quiz � Macro and Micro notes � Macro and Micro poster � Exit slip
MACRO CULTURE � Learned, shared ways of behaving and thinking that cross local/group boundaries � National cultures (shared American culture) � Consumer cultures (cellphones) � Academic cultures (desk, raising hand, WHSD rules)
MICRO CULTURE � Local culture � Distinct patterns of learned, shared behaviors and ideas that can be found in specific groups, localities or regions � Ethnic groups � Age groups (Gucci Mane, J’s) � Genders (amount of shoes, bathroom buddy) � Special interest groups (sports, sewing, book clubs)
POSTER � Work in pairs � Split poster paper in half � Write Macro culture on one half, micro on other � Find 5 pictures of each � Cut out and paste on poster � Write a short caption to each picture � Why � Share it is considered macro/micro culture? two examples of each with class
EXIT SLIP � Before leaving: � Take sticky note and explain the difference between macro and micro cultures and stick on board
EMIC AND ETIC PERSPECTIVES Objectives: � Identify the difference between emic and etic __________________ ___ � Question: � Is American culture difficult to understand? Why? Agenda: • Emic and etic discussion • India’s sacred cow
EMIC � Insider’s perspective � Meaningful to specific societies � Sole judges of validity � Example: Energy Comsuption
ETIC � Extrinsic concepts and categories that have meaning for scientific observers � Scientists � Energy are the sole judges consumption/culture
EXAMPLES Etic approach Emic Approach Emphasizes similarities between cultures Emphasizes differences between culture Considers behavior patterns invariant and universal Considers behaviors patterns unique and specific to a culture Brings an outside perspective Seeks an inside (natives) perspective eg. female circumsion seen as a barbaric practice that subjugates and traumatizes women eg. female circumsion seen as a traditional practice which promotes revered values such as women’s chastity
CELL PHONE USAGE IN YOUTH � Etic Perspective: Disconnected � Inappropriate usage � � Emic Perspective: Connected to the world � Expected to have the best �
EMIC AND ETIC PERSPECTIVE ON EASTER � Split in half � Pick emic or etic perspective � Write at least 5 bullets about your specific perspective
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