Cultural and Heritage Tourism definition and types The

Cultural and Heritage Tourism definition and types

The notion of “cultural tourism” is not synonymous with “heritage tourism” (kulturni turizam nasleđa) cultural tourism is dominant in urban areas and is less place bound, the content can be the same but the context is different • What is heritage? • How do we define culture? • What are the links between heritage and tourism (culture and tourism)? • How did it all start?

Grand Tours English aristocrats explored the Continent (France and Italy) 17 th – 19 th century

Thomas Cook/Egypt Champollion hieroglyfs, fascination with archaeology

to inherit = naslediti • heritage vs. inheritance • nasleđe - nasledstvo • heritage = legacy (the system of cultural values, creativity, lifestyle that is passed onto future generations) • tangible and intangible • it is considered as one of the most important resources of human kind

Cultural Tourism • learning about others/learning about oneself • interpretation of cultural resources is an essential element of tourism (tour guiding found its place here) • see other peoples in their `authentic' environment and view their lives as expressed in arts and crafts, music, literature, dance, food and drink, play, handicrafts, language and ritual. • cultural capital and commodities of symbolic value • commersialisation to appeal to masses • Cohen (1988) believes that the commercial modification is the good foundation for exploring creativity

Heritage Tourism • visiting heritage places or viewing historical resources • built heritage, living culture and contemporary arts • serious cultural tourists and casual heritage tourists • Heritage tourism is such a commoditised experience commoditization), which appeals to many in the middle class as a way to accumulate cultural capital Richards 1996)

Commodification/Commoditisation

memorabilia souvenirs (from French, souvenir = to remember)

Facts and Figures • Economic calculations show that each `cultural‘ attraction has a large monetary value by bringing in visitors who spend money on these as well as on beach, natural feature, sports event and recreational attractions. • France ($46 billion) and Spain ($57 billion) are the prime world destinations for cultural tourism (pre covid-19 pandemic figures) • Cultural and heritage Tourism accounts for 39% of tourist arrivals • You can organize tours, tailor packages and create cultural routes and trails • e. g. In the footsteps of William Shakespeare • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Panjiw. Gca. M

Museology museums and exhibitions • Museums: institutions for the collection, preservation, exhibition and explanation of cultural and natural phenomena (culturally defined branches of knowledge such as art, history, religion, geography and natural history) • museums and galleries • wax museums • Disneyland or Universal Studios • museums with zoological and horticultural gardens • with preserved landscapes such as archaeological sites • architectural monuments and natural parks and reserves • hands-on activities

The Louvre app 8 – 9 million visitors

Museums&Galleries • • • The Metropolitan Hermitage Ufizzi The British Museum Library Prado Rijksmuseum Albertina MOMA Tate Ueno Park and

exhibition exhibit izložba eksponat

Libraries

Theatres the Globe

National Museum Belgrade Can you think of other examples of popular museums in Serbia?

MSU Museum of Contemporary Art

Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavillion Can you think of some other examples of famous Serbian art galleries?

Museum of Illusions presented information in a light-hearted way Can you think of similar examples in the region (world)?

Archaeology and Tourism • archaelogical sites (of ancient civilizations)/ archaelogical finds = arheološko nalazište • local site = lokalitet • excavations for artefacts • to excavate • Egypt, Mexico, Peru, China, Greece • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OAOTG 0 Se 9 g. Y

Macchu Picchu Make a list of the world archaeological sites

Viminacium • Sirmium • Felix Romuliana • Empress’ City • Lepenski Vir

Architecture and Tourism • • buildings and historic palaces castles and fotresses settlements and houses monuments bridges city quarters old towns

Transportation/Accommodation Venice Simpleton Orient Express/Hotel Danieli

European old towns https: //www. europanostra. org

typical old-style house in Vranje

Singidunum Kalemegdan

Novi Sad 2022 European Capital of Culture

to be enlisted in UNESCO world heritage list • • Stari Ras (Old Ras) Sopoćani Studenica monastery Medieval monuments of Kosovo • Felix Romuliana • Stećci • https: //www. youtube. com /watch? v=o 9 OKR 90 o 1 J 4

tentative list (a list of heritage sites to be enlisted) • • • Iustiniana Prima Manasija Monastery Negotinske Pivnice Smederevo Fortress Bač

the UNESCO Memory of the World Miroslav Gospel 1180 Nikola Tesla Archive

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries • • • Cinque Terre Białowieża Forest Saxon Wild Taiga Ordesa Đerdap Tara Plitvice Lake Durmitor

ethnic tourism/customs cultural diversity

international etiquette • the way we behave in public, social code is different for different countries. • tourists are taught to show respect for different customs • culture shock

Slum Tourism

Pilgrimage/Religious Tours (hodočašće, pokloničko putovanje) • • • one of the first type of heritage tourism Jerusalem Mecca and Medina Camino del Santiago Mount Athos Vatican City

Visits to holy places and shrines • • Synagogue Temple/Wat Church Cathedral Monastery Burial place/Tomb Mosque

Mausoleum

Mausoleum House of Flowers

Secular Pilgrimage Elvis Presley Graceland, Memphis

graveyards Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris

Thanatourism – Dark Tourism Chernobyl https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KUQuy 6 Ds. IZw

associated with death and disaster thanatos = death • visits to battlefields, murder and atrocity sites (camps and prisons), places where the famous died, graveyards and war memorials, relics and reconstructions of death

Fiction-induced Tourism

Literary Tourism primary motivation for visiting specific locations is related to an interest in literature. • visiting past and present homes of authors living and dead • real and mythical places described in literature, and locations affiliated with characters and events in literature. • regions strongly associated with an author may be marketed in that vein, such as `Shakespeare Country'.

Stratford-Upon-Avon

Setjetting Jordan Petra / Indiana Jones and the Last Crusades

Game of Thrones Dubrovnik Can you think of some other examples?

Event-based Tourism manifestacioni turizam • • • Events Carnivals Festivals Local festivities Processions Parades

Mimosa Festival Herceg Novi

Summer Night Concert Schönbrunn

Culinary activities local cuisine is an important ingredient of specific culture

Coffee House Culture bars, pubs, taverns, kafanas El Floridita, Havana, Cuba frequented by Ernest Hemingway

Markets and bazaars Grand Bazaar, Istanbul

Urban hubs

lifestyle

Issues and Concerns • Valorisation of cultural heritage and sites • Authenticity/degradation • Dysnefication • Concerns for indigenous communities • sustainability and cultural tourism (environmental problems) • overtourism and gentrification • challenge to preserve cultural diversity • Covid-19 and visiting cultural sites

Task • Explore which tours are on offer to inbound and domestic cultural tourists in Serbia? • Is there a specialized travel agency/tour operator company for cultural tourism in Serbia (Balkan region)?

Thank you for your Attention!

References • Dr. Dallen J. Timothy (2011) Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Bristol: Channel View Publications • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KUQuy 6 Ds. IZw • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Panjiw. Gca. M • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o 9 OKR 90 o 1 J 4