Cubism Pablo Picasso Art Movements Prior to Cubism

Cubism

Pablo Picasso

Art Movements Prior to Cubism • Neoclassicism • David Death of Marat

Realism Courbet The Stone Breakers

Manet Luncheon on the Grass

Impressionism Monet Impression: Sunrise

Post-Impressionism Van Gogh The Night Cafe

• Modernism Munch The Scream

Expressionism Matisse Red Room

Cezanne Mont Sainte-Victoire

Cezanne Basket of Apples

Cezanne Bibemus Quarry

Cubism • Cubism (1908 -1914) was a radical new direction for art. It was pioneered by Picasso and Braque and used geometric shapes. Cubism was divided into two main movements, analytic and synthetic cubism.

Analytic • Analytic cubism was the first phase (Picasso's Girl With Mandolin). Artists deconstructed reality, breaking up figures into shapes and looked at things from multiple perspectives.

• A face, for example, would be shown in profile and from a ¾ view. Most of these works were monochromatic or near it, depending on values to show forms and separate shapes. • Picasso Wilhelm Uhde

• Color schemes were simplified, tending to be nearly monochromatic (hues of tan, brown, gray, cream, green, or blue preferred) in order not to distract the viewer from the artist's primary interest--the structure of form itself. • Picasso Accordionist

• The monochromatic color scheme was suited to the presentation of complex, multiple views of the object • Braque Harbor in Normandy

• By creating a geometric structure of overlapping, shifting and tilted cubes, a work is created that seems to project out of the picture plane. • Braque Le Staque

• The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane • Braque Man With Guitar

• Rejected the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting timehonored theories of art as the imitation of nature. • Picasso The Young Ladies of Avignon

Gris Open Window

• Picasso Weeping Woman

• Picasso Self Portrait

Delaunay City of Paris

• Picasso Tete D’une Femme Lisant

• Forms are generally compact and dense in the centre of the Analytical Cubist painting, growing larger as they diffuse toward the edges of the canvas. • Picasso Portrait of Ambroise Vollard

• Art historians consider Cubism to be the most influential form of art from the early 20 th century. • Delaunay The Red Tower

Synthetic Cubism

Synthetic cubism synthesized different things. It had more color and less values, flattening things. There were more shapes than forms. There was collage work in synthetic cubism, and the synthesizing of different textures and materials was a big part of this part of the movement.

This involved the introduction of different textures, surfaces and merged subject matter including newspapers, text, posters and music scores. Synthetic cubism placed an emphasis on multiple layers and shapes, creating compositions that were simpler, brighter and bolder then analytical cubism

• Smooth and rough surfaces are contrasted with one another; and frequently nonpainted objects such as newspapers are pasted on the canvas in combination with painted areas. • Picasso Pipe, Glass, Bottle, Vieux and Marc

• Gris Still Life Before an Open Window

• This collage technique emphasizes the differences in texture and poses the question of what is reality and what is illusion in painting • Braque Fruit Dish and Cards