CSIS390 Some Web History Dr Eric Breimer Syllabus

CSIS-390 Some Web History Dr. Eric Breimer

Syllabus 1. Google “Eric Breimer” 2. Click on first link 3. Click on CSIS-390 4. Click on Syllabus

History v Before designing and developing web pages and web applications it is important to know how it all came about… v. Internet v. World Wide Web (WWW)

Are these things the same? v Internet v World Wide Web

ARPAnet v ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency v 1968, Cold War, Military Applications

ARPAnet v Originally, Custom/Tailor-made network applications for sharing data and messages 19681973 v 1971 Email concept developed v Person can have an identifier ebreimer@network_name v Virtual mailbox v By 1973 Email was 75% of the ARPAnet traffic v File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was developed in 1973 v General/Generic service concept

ARPAnet Internet v Transition Period 1971 -1983 v Packet Switching developed and perfected v Instead of point-to-point persistent connections v Robust, fault-tolerant, efficient, survivable v Network of Networks realized on a large scale v The ability to connect different types of networks TCP/IP

Early Internet 19831989 v No web browsers, no web pages at all… v Only… v Email v FTP (document and image sharing) v Early message board system (BB systems) v Custom data transfer applications v Banking v Early business to business E-commerce

In 1989 came the WWW v The concepts existed, but one man implemented the concepts and made them real… v WWW concepts v Hypertext concept – Documents can have links to other documents, just click the text v URL concept – Documents, computers, virtual mailboxes, networks can all have uniform identifier to help locate them

Tim Berners-Lee (TBL) v He invented the WWW in the sense that he put together a bunch of “good ideas” and implemented… v The first web browser v The first web server v In the process he proposed and developed v HTML v The URL concept

Before the WWW, finding stuff was hard v To find documents or data on the Internet you had to v Know numeric IP addresses to locate FTP servers v Login anonymously or with a user account v Know the folder hierarchy and file name of the document/data. v People would share this information via Email. v The idea of just browsing the Internet was silly, you just couldn’t do it. v If you didn’t have connections, you had no idea what was out there…

Understanding the WWW v HTTP instead of FTP v Web Browser instead of FTP client v Web Server instead of FTP server v URLs instead of numeric IP addresses v Clicking Hyperlink instead of navigating through folder hierarchies v Universal/Standard document formatting HTML instead of proprietary documents Word, docx, pdf, etc.

Are these things the same? Internet World Wide Web v Nuts and bolts v Content layer of v Hardware v TCP/IP v Packet Switching v Network of Networks concept Internet v Software v HTTP v URLs v Hyperlinks

Internet vs. WWW v Terms used interchangably by general public and media v You should know that v The WWW is a framework built “on top of” the Internet. The framework includes protocols for sharing data, standards formatting data, and conventions for locating data. (The boat) v The Internet is really the “transport layer” of the WWW. (The river)

WWW Matures 1989 -1995 v 1989 TBL invents first web browser and server v 1991 Al Gore passes Gore Bill, which helps pave the way $$$ for future development v 1993 Mosaic (first good graphical web browser) is born v 1993 The National Science Foundation (NSF) creates the Inter. NIC, which centralizes the control of URL and domain names v 1995 NSFnet (formally ARPAnet) becomes research only network v Internet traffic starts to get routed through a commercial backbone (operated by AT&T, Sprint, and others)

Commercialization Period 1995 -2000 v 1995 – Netscape become a household name v Sells web server software…gives away browser for free v Reached almost 90% market share by 1996 v 1995 – 1996 Microsoft scrambles to come out with competing software (Internet Explore, IIS Web Server) v 1996 -1999 – Browser Wars between Microsoft and Netscape v v HTML is pushed to the limit v Browser plug-ins developed, Flash, Real. Media, etc. 1997 -2000 – E-commerce Commercial Explosion v Amazon, E-bay, Online Stock Trading, MP 3 trafficking, etc.

v v Browser Wars 19961999 Microsoft (Internet Explorer) and Netscape compete to be the #1 browser. v In ’ 96 Netscape dominated v By ‘ 99 Internet Explorer was #1 Microsoft Integrated IE into the Windows OS and it was often forced upon people as the default browser v v Netscape makes its source code open, so developers can build upon it. v v Microsoft paid billions in lawsuit (EU mostly) but still won the war Leads to the Mozilla Foundation, which eventually develops Firefox. In 2000, AOL buys out Netscape, which is was failing financially v This marks the end of the war and beginning of Microsoft’s dominance in the WWW.

Browser Wars Significance v Early competition pushed web browsers to the limit. v Browsers use to be simple client applications that could render HTML code. v Now browsers are heavy-weight applications (Java. Script, Active. X, Flash plug-ins, etc. ) v Microsoft’s recent dominance was terrible. v Proprietary, No regard for recognized standards