CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts Lecturer o

CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts

Lecturer o o o Benito Mendoza E-mail: mendoza 2@engr. sc. edu Phone: (803) 777 -5609 (803) 447 -6303 o Meeting Time: o Office Hours: MW 1: 25 PM- 2: 15 PM (Sections 7, 8, and 9) TTH 11: 00 AM-11: 50 AM (Sections 10, 11, and 12) M 11: 30 PM - 1: 00 PM T 9: 30 AM- 11: 00 AM (appointment for other time) o 2 Website: www. cse. sc. edu/~mendoza 2/csce 101/

What you’ll learn in this semester q q q q 3 Intro to Information Technology Application and System Software Hardware Networking and Telecommunication Basics Introductory Coverage of Programming Databases Number Systems Web Design

Pattern of teaching Ø We’ll have 50 minutes lectures sessions. Ø Ø 50 minutes of lab sessions Ø Ø Ø 4 Lectures will be focusing on theory Hands-on exercises will be given during labs Hands-on will be related to application programs, covering part of the features in HTML and MS Office (Word, Excel, Access, Power. Point), programming languages and tools. With the following schedule: Section Schedule Instructor 007 F 1: 25 PM- 2: 15 PM Sombuddha Poddar 008 F 2: 30 PM- 3: 20 PM Ryan Yandle 009 TH 2: 00 PM- 2: 50 PM Ryan Yandle 010 W 11: 15 AM-12: 05 PM Alicia Ruvinsky 011 W 12: 20 PM- 1: 10 PM Maryam Jafari-Lafti 012 W 1: 25 PM- 2: 15 PM Alicia Ruvinsky

Assessment q q q q 5 Homework/Quizzes 10%, Lab 30%, 2 Tests 40% (20% each), Final Exam 20% The lowest homework/quiz grade will be dropped. Exams are typically a combination of true/false (~ 35% of total points) and short answer questions (~ 65% of total points). The exams are not trivial and require thorough understanding of the course material. A cumulative make-up test/quiz will be given at the end of the semester for students who have legitimate excuses confirmed before hand with the instructor. Absolutely no late work is accepted except for documented emergencies. The quality of your work and overall effort will greatly affect your assignment grades. You must pass the lab to pass the course. In other words, you cannot pass the course if you fail the lab even if you have a passing grade for the lecture part of the course.

Frequently asked questions Ø Ø 6 Is CSCE 101 an easy course? How about textbook?

Chapter 1 – Expected Outcome o After this lecture, students are expected to be able to Ø Understand what “being computer savvy” means Ø Describe the roles of computer in daily life. Ø Ø 7 Name the different types of computer and briefly describe their common use. Describe what are software and hardware with examples. Name the hardware (Input / Output / Process / Storage / Communication) found in typical computer and briefly explain their respective usage. Give examples on the major types of computer abuse.

Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing 1. USB Darts (Engadget) 2. USB Eye Massager (Engadget) 3. Flying Alarm (Sleeptracker) 4. USB Slippers (Thanko) 5. Transparent Toaster (Inventables) 6. Spoon (Makezine) 7. USB Gloves (USBGeek) 8. Origami DVD Player (Inventables) 9. Scented MP 3 Player (Akihabanews) 10. Roomba (IRobot) 8

Pervasive Computing o Effects of pervasive computing n n 9 Information overload Lesser use of memory & surge is multitasking Privacy concerns “Smart” & “dumb” mobs

The “Net” Generation o Characteristics of. Netgeners n n o Being Computer Savvy n n o o 10 Staying connected is essential Multitasking is a way of life Students are impatient and results-oriented (e. g. doing rather than listening) They gravitate towards group activity Computer literacy Know how to make better buying decisions, fix ordinary computer problems, upgrade hardware and integrate it with new products, use the Internet most effectively, protect yourself against cyber villains, advance your career using IT What is the worse computer problem you’ve encountered? What intimidates you the most about computers?

Information Technology (IT) o Computer Technology n n n o Communications Technology n n 11 Programmable, multiuse machines that accept data and process it into information Speeds up problem solving and increases productivity There are various categories of computers with respect to their size and the way in which they are used Electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over long distances Allows for transmission of data over various mediums in a wired (e. g. via cables) or wireless (e. g. via IR and RF signals) manner

How is IT being used in Education? 99% of schools have internet access o 85% of college students own their own computer o ¾ of college students use the internet 4 or more hours per week o ½ of all college professors require students to use email in their classes o Many college classes are either taught online or have a class website Distance. Learningis online education o 12

Health: High Tech for Wellness o o o 13 Health websitesprovide medical information Telemedicine : Medical care via telecommunications lets doctors treat patients from far away 3 D Computer modelsallow accurate tumor location inside a skull Robots permit precise microsurgery Handheld computers allow patients to measure blood sugar Medical implantsallow stroke patients to directly control computers to talk for them

Money: Cashless Society? o o o Virtualmeans something that is created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or a computer network Virtual airline tickets Virtual money n Online bill paying n Pay. Pal n Electronic payroll deposit n Micropayments for online music How important is security if all your money is virtual? 14

How computers change our life? Ø Communication Ø Ø Gathering after school -> icq -> msn Ø Entertainment (cinema -> DVD / youtube) Ø Project/Reports (paper-based -> doc / ppt) Ø Activities in daily life: F F F 15 (Long dist. phone v. s. Skype 1: 1 ->M: M) News: http: //www. cnn. com Banking: http: //ww. bankofamerica. com Shopping: http: //www. amazon. com http: //www. ebay. com/

Communications 16

Communications 17

Media / Entertainment 18

Media / Entertainment o Computer graphics is used in films nowadays Ø Ø Examples: Ø Ø 19 To replace expensive physical models Objects can be duplicated easily Shorten the time-to-market Jurassic Park Terminator

IT in Government & Democracy o o Governments can’t control information Individuals can find multiple viewpoints on internet Email makes it easier to contact the government Competing websites promote & criticize politicians n n o 20 www. whitehouse. gov www. whitehouse. org Blogs are a tool for political candidates

Jobs & Careers o o Hotels: Desk clerks use computerized reservations systems Law Enforcement: Officers use computers n n o Entertainment: n n 21 On patrol To check stolen cars To check criminal records To check arrest warrants Office uses like budgets, payroll, ticketing Also virtual set design, 3 -D animation, special effects

Jobs & Careers o o Office careers: Budget, payroll, letter-writing, email Teaching: Automated grading systems, emailing parents Fashion: Sales/inventory control systems, ordering, personnel Job-hunting: n n n 22 Use word processor to create resumes Post resumes online Online job searches Can you think of a career that does NOT require computer skills?

The Telephone Grows Up o o o 1973: First cellphone call 2006: Nokia estimates 2 billion mobile phone subscribers Today’s cellphones: n n Are mobile Can take and send pictures Can connect to the internet Can send and receive text messages Why are cellphones banned in high-security military bases? 23

Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace o Internet n n 24 The worldwide computer network Links thousands of smaller networks Links educational, commercial, military entities, and individuals Originally developed to share only text and numeric data

Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace o World Wide Web n n 25 The multimedia part of the internet An interconnected system of servers that support specially formatted documents in multimedia form Includes text, still images, moving images, sound Responsible for the growth and popularity of the internet

Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace o Cyberspace n n n Term coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer (1984) Described a futuristic computer network people “plugged” into directly with their brains Now means o o 26 The web Chat rooms Online diaries (blogs) The wired and wireless communications world

What’s so special about computer? o. What makes computer different from other machines is that: By changing the program (instructions), the same computer can be used to perform different function Computer runs program! (That’s why X-Box can be hacked to run Linux OS) 27

Moore’s Law o o o 28 It is an empirical observation attributed to Gordon Moore, a co-founder of Intel The number of transistors on integrated circuits (a rough measure of computer processing power) doubles every 18 months Why and for how long will it hold? How “fast” will our computers become? Does processor improvement always yield a faster computer?

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers Supercomputer 29

Supercomputer o o o Fastest, most powerful, most expensive among the categories Priced from $1 million to $350 million Suitable for intensive calculations and processing High-capacity machines with thousands of processors Multi-user systems To learn more about one, go to http: //www. llnl. gov/asc/computing _resources/bluegenel/bluegene_ho me. html Example Application: weather maps, construction of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake prediction, etc. 30

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 31 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers Mainframe

Mainframes mainframes support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe o. Until late 1960’s, the only computer available o. Allows hundreds of people to have simultaneous computer usage n Multi-user systems; accessed using a terminal o. Processing speed: > 1, 000, 000 instructions per second o. Cost $5, 000 - $5 million o. Terminals only have a keyboard and monitor; can’t be used alone o. To see one, go to 32 http: //www 3. ibm. com/servers/eserver/zseries/

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers o. Expensive, Workstation: Sun Ultra 450 powerful computers usually used for complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. o. Workstations provide capabilities comparable to midsize mainframes. 33

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers HP Compaq Business d 220 tower microcomputer 34

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers Compaq Evo desktop microcomputer 35

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines Apple i-Mac computer 36 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers Laptop computer 37

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines 1. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Supercomputers 2. Mainframes ØPerform simple 3. 4. tasks Workstations ØSmall screen Microcomputers ØInput and output ? 5. Microcontrollers Personal Digital Assistant 38

The 5 types of Computers All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines DSP: Digital Signal Processor 39 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Workstations 4. Microcomputers 5. Microcontrollers

How about “Servers” ? o“Server” is not the name of a type of computer… o. Generic definition: Server is the party providing service and Client is the party requesting service o. For Example: n Server - a machine which stores your email / web page n Clients - PCs, workstations which access mail / webpage (e. g. running I. E. ) 40

Roles of Computers o o The client-server model Server: central computer that holds collections of data & programs n n n o o Client: PCs, workstations, and other devices that issue requests and receive data and services from servers Features: n n 41 Processes requests from clients Must be able to handle load E. g. web, e-mail, and file servers Highly structured Server is a centralized point of failure

Roles of Computers o o The peer-to-peer (P 2 P) model Peer = client + server Various degrees of distribution of load and tasks including the indexed (e. g. Napster), hybrid, and pure P 2 P (e. g. Gnutella) models Features: n n o Some P 2 P Systems: n n 42 Pooling of resources No single point of failure Flexible structure Reliability, trust, and privacy concerns Bit. Torrent Freenet

How Computers Work Concept #1 o The purpose of the computer is to process data into information n n Data: raw facts and figures Information : data that has been summarized or otherwise manipulated for use in decision making Test 1: 85 Test 2: 65 Final: 95 Total Grade: 83 Letter Grade: B Total Grade= Test 1 x 0. 3 + Test 2 x 0. 3+ Final x 0. 4 Input Data 43 Process Output Info

How Computers Work - Concept #2 Computers consist of hardware and software. 44 o. Hardware o. Software All the machinery and equipment in a computer system All the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task

How Computers Work Concept #3 Processing All computers perform the same five basic tasks Input Data Communications 45 Storage Output

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Keyboard Communications Mouse 46 ment e v o r p m n to the i s k n s versio a s h e T l e r i logy. W o n h c e t mmon of o c e r o is m

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Case or system cabinet 47

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Processor chip 48

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications 49 Motherboard

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. o 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage n o 50 4. Output 5. Communications Primary storage (memory) RAM Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed Secondary storage(storage)n The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 51 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Memory chips

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Floppy disk Zip disk 52

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Hard-disk drive 53

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications CD drive 54

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Flash Memory and USB Drive 55

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Sound card 56

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Speakers 57

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications 58

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Monitor 59

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications Printer 60

How Computers Work - Concept #3 All computers follow the same five basic operations. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output 5. Communications 61

You still need the software! System Software and Application Software o o o System software Helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run (Resource Manager) o 62 and…

You still need the software! System Software vs. Application Software o o o 63 Application software Enables you to perform specific tasks. e. g: Word Processing Photo Editing Creating web pages Computer Games…

Building Your Own PC What would you need? o n n Keyboard & Mouse Inside the system cabinet o o Case and power supply Processor chip – the Central Processor Unit (CPU) Memory chips – Random Access Memory (RAM) Motherboard – the system board 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. n 64 Memory chips plug in Processor chip plugs in Motherboard attaches to system cabinet Power supply is connected to system cabinet Power supply wire is connected to motherboard Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB

Building Your Own PC o Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB n Storage capacity is represented in bytes o o o n n 65 1 1 1 byte = 1 character of data kilobyte = 1, 024 characters megabyte = 1, 048, 576 characters gigabyte = over 1 billion characters terabyte = over 1 trillion characters petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters Permanently installed: floppy drives, hard drives, Zip drives, CD/DVD drives, USB ports Removable media: floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs, DVDs, flash drives

Building Your Own PC o Output hardware n n n o Communications hardware n n 66 Video and sound cards Monitor Speakers Printer Joystick Modem (internal or external) Network Card

Software o System Software (Operating System) n Must be installed before application software n Operating System (OS) options for the PC o o o n Operating System (OS) options for the Mac o o Mac OS Application Software n Install after the OS n Application depends on OS, for example o o 67 Linux Windows Unix Linux applications won’t work on Windows applications won’t work on Linux

Future of Information Technology o 3 directions of Computer Development n n n o 3 directions of Communications Development n n n 68 Miniaturization Speed Affordability Connectivity Interactivity Multimedia

Convergence, Portability, & Personalization o Convergence: the combination of n n o o Portability Collaboration: software that allows n n 69 Computers Consumer electronics Entertainment Mass media People to share anything instantly People to enhance the information as they forward it