CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Chapter Outline 1. Boolean values 2. Relational operators 3. Simple Boolean expressions 4. Logical operators 5. Compound Boolean Expressions -Precedence & associativity 6. Conditions 7. Types of selection control structure -One way selection -Two way selection -Multiple selection -Multiway selection (nested) CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Chapter Outcome CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE At the end of this class, student should be able to: • Interpret the concept of relational and logical operators • Differentiate between three types of selection • Produce programs using selection control • Introduce the nested if problem, explain the output based on the various input from the user. • Solve a problem using multiway selection

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Boolean Expression CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Allow flow of program to be altered, depending on one or more Boolean condition. • The real intelligence of a computer comes from its ability to make decisions. • No matter how complex a digital computer system seems to be, it’s only making simple Boolean decisions: on or off, 1 or 0 TRUE or FALSE.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Boolean Expression CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Decision in a computer program is made by testing one condition against another. Example: if x<y – Here, the condition of x is tested against the condition of y. If x is in fact less than y, the test result is true. – However, if the value of x is greater than or equal to the value of y, the test is false.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Boolean Expression CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • To test condition within a program, you will use relational or logical operators to produce Boolean decision (TRUE or FALSE). • When decisions are made in a computer program, they are simply the result of a computation in which the final result is either TRUE or FALSE. • The value zero (0) is considered to be FALSE by C++. Any positive or negative value is considered to be TRUE. • C++ evaluates any non-zero value to be TRUE.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Relational Operators CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • In order to evaluate a comparison between two expressions we can use the Relational operators. – As specified by the ANSI-C++ standard, the result of a relational operation is a boolean value that can only be true or false, according to the result of the comparison. • When complex decisions must be coded into an algorithm, it may be necessary to “chain together” a few relational expression that use relational operators. – This is done with logical operators (also known as Boolean Operators).

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Relational Operators • Allow two quantities to be compared. • Normally when the expression have 2 operands or identifiers, either same as, not same, small than, bigger than etc. C++ Operator Meaning == Equal != Not equal to < Less than <= Less than or equal to > Greater than >= Greater equal to than or

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Simple Boolean Expressions Example: CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Statement Result (8 == 8) would return true. (3 > 7) would return false. (5!= 7) would return true. (6 >= 4) would return true. (9 < 9) would return false.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Simple Boolean Expressions CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • More examples, instead of using only numeric constants, we can use any valid expression, including variables. • Suppose that: a=4, b=2 and c=5 Statement (a == 4) (b*c>= a) Results would return true since (2*5 >= 4) (a+3 > a*b) would return false since (4+3 > 4*2). ((c=2) == b) would return true.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Relational Operators CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Example: #include<iostream. h> void main() { cout<<(3+3 == 6)<<endl; cout<<(‘A’>’B’)<<endl; cout<<(4*10%2 -5>25/5+3)<<endl; } OUTPUT: 1 0 0

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Logical Operators CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • In order to evaluate a comparison between two logical expressions we can use the Logical Operators. • If you need to test more that one relational expression at a time, it is possible to combine the relational expressions using the logical operators. Symbol Operator Description AND Both condition must be TRUE || OR Either one of the condition must be TRUE ! NOT Reverse condition &&

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Logical Operators CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE First Operand a Second Operand b Result a && b Result a || b true true false true false

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Compound Boolean Expression CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • If you need to test more than one relational expression at a time, it is possible to combine the relational expressions using the logical operators. #include<iostream. h> void main() { cout<<((-2<0)&&(5>=10))<<endl; cout<<(((2 -4)==2)||(!(3==6)))<<endl; } OUTPUT: 0 1

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Condition Instruction CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • A program is usually not limited to a linear sequence of instructions. During its process it may take decisions or repeat code. • To make a decision or control a loop, a program must have conditions to determine its action. • A condition is an expression which consists of relational operator and/or combines with logical operator to produce results whether TRUE or FALSE. • The program will proceed with an action (instructions given by the programmer) based on the conditions result (TRUE or FALSE) • Decision control can be solved using two methods: if statement – switch statement. The simples and most common selection structure is the if statement. Is the alternative way and if the condition does not involved with relation or logical operator (used for integer numbers and single char only)

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Condition Instruction CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Type of selection control structure for if statements : – One way selection – Two way selection – Multiple selection – Multiway selection (nested if)

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving One Way Selection - if Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • The if statement tests for a particular condition (expressed as a boolean expression) and only executes the following statement(s) if the condition is true • Compare just a selection which is written in a statement of the form: if (boolean-expression) statement; • Example 1: cin>>score; if (score>=50) cout<<”PASS”;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE One Way Selection - if Statement • An example follows of a fragment of a program which tests if the denominator is not zero before attempting to calculate fraction. if (total!=0) fraction=counter/total; statement; • If the value of total is 0, the boolean expression above is false and the statement assigning the value of fraction is ignored.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving One Way Selection - if Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • If a sequence of statements is to be executed, this can be done by making a compound statement or block by enclosing the group of statements in braces. if (boolean-expression) { statements; } • Example 2: if (total !=0) { fraction = counter/total; cout<<”Proportion is =”<<fraction<<endl; }

One CSC 128 Fundamentals Computer Problem Solving Way Selection. Of- if Statement Example 3: CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE #include<iostream. h> void main() { char answer; cout<<”Do you want to enroll in this course(y=Yes/n=No)? ”; cin>>answer; if(answer == ‘y’) { cout<<”You are now in CSC 128 class. n”; cout<<”Welcome to the IT world!n”; } if(answer == ‘n’) cout<<”Never mind. You can enroll later. n”; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Two Ways Selection – If. . else Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Often it is desirable for a program to take one branch if the condition is true and another if it is false. • Compare two selection which is written in a statement of the form: if (boolean-expression) statement-1; else statement-2; • Example 1: cin>>score; if (score>=50) cout<<”PASS ”; else cout<<”FAIL”<<endl;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Two Ways Selection if. . else Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • If a sequence of statements is to be executed, this is done by making a compound statement by using braces to enclose the sequence: if (boolean-expression) { statements; } else { statements; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Two Ways Selection if. . else Statement • Example 2: cin>>score; if (score>=50) { cout<<”CONGRATULATION!”; cout<<”YOU PASSED ”; } else cout<<”FAIL”<<endl; CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Two way selection using OR operator coding CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Example 3: #include<iostream. h> int main() { char answer; cout<<”Can you play badminton? ” cin>>answer; if(answer == ‘Y’ || answer == ‘y’) cout<<”You can join the club. n”; else cout<<”Try again later. n”; return 0; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Multiple Selection • Compare more than two selections which is written in a statement of the form if (boolean-expression-1) Statement-1; else if (boolean-expression-2) Statement-2; else Statement-N;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Multiple Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Example 1: #include<iostream. h> int main() { int score; cout<<”Enter your total mark for CSC 128: ”; cin>>score; if(score>=80) { cout<<”n. Congratulation!n”; cout<<”You pass and get an A. n”; } else if(score>=60) cout<<”You pass and get a B. n”; else if(score>=50) cout<<”You pass and get a C. n”; else { cout<<”Sorryn”; cout<<”You failn”; } return 0; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Multiple Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Flow Chart: true if Test 1 expression if test 1 statement false true else if Test 2 expression else if test 2 statement false true else if Test n expression else if test n statement else statement Next Statement

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Multiple Selection • Example 2: #include<iostream. h> void main() { int number; cout<<”Enter a number: ”; cin>>number; if(number>0) cout<<”positive number”; else if(number == 0) cout<<”zero number”; else cout<<”negative number”; } CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Multiple Selection using AND operator coding Example 3: #include<iostream. h> void main() { int val 1, val 2, val 3, max; cout<<”Enter three integers: ”; cin>>val 1>>val 2>>val 3; if(val 1>=val 2 && val 1>=val 3) max= val 1; else if(val 2>=val 1 && val 2>= val 3) max= val 2; else if(val 3>= val 1 && val 3>= val 2) max= val 3; cout<<”The maximum number is ”<< max<<endl; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Nested (Multiway) Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • Until now you already learn how to write one-way, two-way and many decision using if, if/else and if/else statements respectively. • Occasionally a decision has to be made on the value of a variable which has more than two possibilities. • This can be done by placing if statements within other if-else constructions. This is commonly known as nesting and a different style of indentation is used to make the multiple-selection functionality much clearer. • Additional decision options can be achieved by using nested if statements. • A nested if statement is simply an if statement within an if statement.

CSC 128 Computer Problem Solving Nested. Fundamentals (Multiway)Of. Selection • Written in a statement of the form: CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE if (boolean-expression-1) Statement-1; else Statement-2; else Statement-3;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Nested (Multiway) Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Example: A user enter temperature in degrees of Celsius and then determine if the temperature constitute water, steam or ice. Print “water” if the temperature is greater than 0 and less than 100, print “steam” if the temperature is greater and equal 100 and print “ice” if the temperature is less and equal to 0.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Nested (Multiway) Selection Answer: Flow Chart false Print ICE if Temp>0 true false PRINT Water if Temp>=100 true PRINT Steam

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Nested (Multiway) Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Answer: Coding /*program to evaluate temperature whether it is water, steam or ice*/ #include<iostream. h> void main() { double temp; cout<<”Enter temperature in degree Celcius: ”; cin>>temp; if(temp>0) { if(temp>=100) cout<<”STEAMn”; else } cout<<”WATERn”; else cout<<”ICEn”; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Nested (Multiway) Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Example 2: Nation’s Air force has asked you to write a program to label supersonic aircraft as military or civilian. Your program is to be given the plane’s observed speed in km/h and its estimated length in meters. For planes traveling in excess of 1100 km/h, you will label those longer than 52 meters “civilian” and shorter aircraft as “military”. For planes traveling at slower speeds, you will issue an “aircraft type unknown” message.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Nested (Multiway) Selection CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE switch Statement • This last category of selection enables the program to select one of many options or cases. • Normally we use switch statement to replace if statement if the condition does not involved with relational or logical operator (used for integer numbers and single char only)

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • The syntax for switch statement is as followed: switch (selector variable) { case value for case 1: Statement 1; . . . . ; break; //to stop case 1 case value for case n: Statement n; . . . . ; break; //to stop case n default: //works as else in switch statement; break; //to stop default statement }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Example 1: #include<iostream. h> void main() { char code_size; cout<<”Enter your size: ”; cin>> code_size; switch (code_size) { case ‘s’: cout<<”Small Size”; break; case ‘M’: cout<<”Medium Size”; break; default: cout<<”Invalid Code”; break; } cout<<”Hope you have identify your size"; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement Example 2: • For more than one options in every cases (example: capital and small letters), the following example can be done. CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE #include<iostream. h> void main() { char code_size; cout<<”Enter your size: ”; cin>> code_size; switch (code_size) { case ‘s’: case ‘S’: cout<<”Small Size”; break; case ‘M’: case ‘m’: cout<<”Medium Size”; break; default: cout<<”Invalid Code”; break; } cout<<”Hope you have identify your size"; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement Example 3: Using numbers in switch statement #include<iostream. h> void main() { int num; cout<<”Enter your faculty level (1/2/3): ”; cin>>num; switch (num) { case 1: cout<<”You faculty is FKM”; break; case 2: cout<<”You faculty is FKA”; break; case 3: cout<<”You faculty is FSKM”; break; default: cout<<"Invalid level"<<endl; } cout<<”Hope you are satisfied with your results!”; } CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Uses of break statement in switch Statement • The break statement causes the program to proceed to the first statement after the switch structure. • Note that the switch control structure is different to the others in that braces are not required around multiple statements.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement Error in switch Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE • What will happen if you do NOT put the ‘break’ statement in every cases? #include<iostream. h> void main() { char grade; cout<<”Enter your grade: ”; cin>>grade; switch (grade) { case ‘A’: cout<<”Excellent”; case ‘B’: cout<<”Average”; case ‘C’: cout<<”Poor”; case ‘F’: cout<<”Try Again”; } cout<<”n. Hope you are satisfied with your results!”; }

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving switch Statement CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Error in switch Statement • The compiler will return NO errors. • But if one of the cases is TRUE and executed, the rest of cases also will be executed. Enter a letter of grade: B Average. Poor. Try Again Hope you are satisfied with your results!

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Exercises CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 1: Writing a boolean expression Expression bool Q 1=true, Q 2=true, Q 3=false; Q 1 || Q 2 || Q 3 144 <= 12 * 12 int a=6, b=3, c=5; i. a==6&&b<3 ii. b>=4 || c==5 iii. 5<=a && b>3 || >=5 11 > 5 || 6 < 15 && 7 >= 8 Result

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below int m=6; if (m < 2 * 5) cout<<”Win. ”; cout<<”Lose. ”; int x=8; if ( x!= 8) { cout<<” 2 0”<<endl; cout<<” 2 0 1 3”<<endl; } cout<<”The End”<<endl; CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below int x = 8; if ( x >= 8) x= x+2; if ( x >= 10) x= x-2; if ( x >= 12) x= x+2; else x=x-2; CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below int number = 5; if(number>2 && number<= 5) cout<<"first"<<endl; if (number < 7 && 3 > number) cout<< "second"<<endl; if(number<1||number>=number) cout<< "third"<<endl; CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 3 : Write an appropriate C++ statement if. . else statements for each of the following: If number is greater than 0, display message” Positif Number”, otherwise display message “Negatif Number”. If gender code ‘F’ or ‘f’, display status “Female” and if gender code ‘M’ or ‘m’, display status “Male”. Otherwise, display “Invalid Code”.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 3 : Write an appropriate C++ statement if. . else statements for each of the following: If a number is even display the message “Number is Even” otherwise display the message “Number is Odd”. Calculate amount of tax. Income based on the condition: If income up to RM 15, 000, tax= 0, if income between RM 15, 001 and RM 25, 000, tax = 5% and if income over RM 25, 000, tax = 10%

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 4 Write a C++ program using the information in the table below to identify the IQ level. User has to enter IQ Scores.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 4 CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE The National Earthquake Center has asked you to write a program implementing the following decision table to characterize an earthquake based on its Richter scale number. The program accepts the Richter scale value and determines the earthquake characterization from the above table.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving ANSWER CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Exercises : Answer Question 1: Writing a boolean expression Expression Result bool Q 1=true, Q 2=true, Q 3=false; 1 Q 1 || Q 2 || Q 3 1 144 <= 12 * 12 int a=6, b=3, c=5; i. a==6&&b<3 ii. b>=4 || c==5 iii. 5<=a && b>3 || c >=5 11 > 5 || 6 < 15 && 7 >= 8 0 1 1 1

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below int m=6; if (m < 2 * 5) cout<<”Win. ”; cout<<”Lose. ”; int x=8; if ( x!= 8) { cout<<” 2 0”<<endl; cout<<” 2 0 1 3”<<endl; } cout<<”The End”<<endl; Win. Lose The End CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below int x = 8; if ( x >= 8) x= x+2; if ( x >= 10) x= x-2; if ( x >= 12) x= x+2; else x=x-2; 6 CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below &&&&---- int number = 5; if(number>2 && number<= 5) cout<<"first"<<endl; if (number < 7 && 3 > number) cout<< "second"<<endl; if(number<1||number>=number) cout<< "third"<<endl; first third CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question 2: Show the output for each program segment below CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE TWOTHREEFOUR

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 3 : Write an appropriate C++ statement if. . else statements for each of the following: If number is greater than 0, display message” Positif Number”, otherwise display message “Negatif Number”. if (number > 0 ) cout<<“Positif Number”; else cout<<“Negatif Number”; if (gender == ‘F’ || gender == ‘f’) If gender code ‘F’ or ‘f’, display status “Female” and if gender code cout<<“Female”; else if (gender ==‘M’ || gender ==‘m’) ‘M’ or ‘m’, display status “Male”. cout<<“Male’; Otherwise, display “Invalid Code”. else cout<<“Invalid Code “;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 3 : Write an appropriate C++ statement if. . else statements for each of the following: If a number is even display the message “Number is Even” otherwise display the if (number % 2 == 0) cout<<“Number is Even”; message “Number is Odd”. else cout<<“Number is Odd”; Calculate amount of tax. Income based on the condition: If income up to RM 15, 000, tax= 0, if income between RM 15, 001 and RM 25, 000, tax = 5% and if income over RM 25, 000, tax = 10% if (income <= 15000) tax = 0; else if (income > 15001 && income <=25000) tax = 0. 05; else tax = 0. 10; tax. Income = tax * income;

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 4 Write a C++ program using the information in the table below to identify the IQ level. User has to enter IQ Scores.

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving #include <iostream. h> void main() { int score; cout<<"Enter the IQ Level : "; cin>>score; } if (score< 20) cout<<"Slown"; else if (score <=140) cout<<"Normal n"; else if (score <=210) cout<<"Intelligentn"; else cout<<"Genius n"; CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE Question 4 The National Earthquake Center has asked you to write a program implementing the following decision table to characterize an earthquake based on its Richter scale number. The program accepts the Richter scale value and determines the earthquake characterization from the above table.

CSC 128 Answer: Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving #include <iostream. h> void main() { double scale; cout<<"Enter Richter Scale Number : "; cin>>scale; } CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE if (scale < 5. 0) cout<<"Little or no damagen"; else if (scale <5. 5) cout<<"Some damage n"; else if (scale <6. 5) cout<<"Serious damage: wall may crack or fall n"; else if (scale<7. 5) cout<<"Disaster: houses and building may collapsen"; else cout<<"Catastrophe: most buildings destroyed n";

Answer: CSC 128 using Fundamentals Of strcpy Computer Problem Solving #include <iostream. h> #include<string. h> void main() { double scale; char status [50]; } CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE cout<<"Enter Richter Scale Number : "; cin>>scale; if (scale < 5. 0) strcpy (status, "Little or no damage"); else if (scale <5. 5) strcpy (status, "Some damage"); else if (scale <6. 5) strcpy (status, "Serious damage: wall may crack or fall"); else if (scale<7. 5) strcpy (status, "Disaster: houses and building may collapse"); else strcpy (status, "Catastrophe: most buildings destroyed"); cout<<status<<endl;

CSC 128 5 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving Question Tracethe output for the progam given: int p=10, q=5, r=10; if (p>q && p<=r) p = p + 1; else r = r + 1; cout<<p<<" "<<r<<endl; int number = 5; if(number>2 && number<= 5) cout<<"first"<<endl; if (number < 7 && 3 > number) cout<< "second"<<endl; if(number<1||number>=number) cout<< "third"<<endl; 11 10 first third CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving TWOTHREEFOUR CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE

CSC 128 Fundamentals Of Computer Problem Solving THANK YOU CHAPTER 3 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE