CS 160 Lecture 20 Professor John Canny Fall

CS 160: Lecture 20 Professor John Canny Fall 2001 Nov 13, 2001 2/25/2021 1

Review: CSCW 4 What are some problems with video conferencing? 4 What is video generally good for? 4 What is email good for? Chat? 4 Name solutions that minimize the problems with video. 4 Aside from communication, what do collaborative software systems do? 2/25/2021 2

Information Design 4 A confusing term, sometimes used as a catch -all for web design. 4 We mean the organization of information (content) on a site. Hierarchy, links, navigation. 2/25/2021 3

Information Tasks 4 Specific Fact-finding: * Find the library of Congress call number for future shock * Find the phone number of Bill Clinton * Find highest-resolution LANDSAT image of College Park at noon on 13 Dec 1997 4 Extended Fact-finding: * What other books are by the author of Jurassic Park? * What kinds of music is Sony publishing? * Which satellites took images of the Persian Gulf War? 2/25/2021 4

Information Tasks 4 Open-ended browsing: * Does the Matthew Brady Civil War photo collection show the role of women? * Is there new work on voice recognition in Japan? * Is there a relationship between carbon monoxide and desertification? 4 Exploration of availability: * What genealogy information is at the National Archives? * What information is there on the Grateful Dead band members? * Can NASA data sets show acid rain damage to soy crops? 2/25/2021 5

Objects/Actions Model 4 A variation on the task analysis models we studied earlier (knowledge-based analysis). 4 Start with objects and actions. 4 Organize both into taxonomies. 2/25/2021 6

Objects/Actions Model 2/25/2021 7

Taxonomies 4 The object taxonomy is a traditional taxonomy. * E. g. music library -> music styles -> albums -> songs 4 The action hierarchy is a TDH (Task Decomposition Hierarchy) * Find Alanis Morisette -> Use search -> enter terms 2/25/2021 8

OAI model 4 Task * Structured information objects (e. g. hierarchies and networks) * Information actions (e. g. searching, linking) 4 Interface * Metaphors for information objects (e. g. bookshelf and encyclopedia) * Handles (affordances) for actions (e. g. querying and zooming) 2/25/2021 9

Organizing information 4 Define “atomic” information - the smallest chunks a user might want. 4 Organize the atoms (if not automatic): * * Short unstructured lists: highlights, what’s new Linear structures: Calendars, alphabetic lists Arrays or tables: Time/place, Model/features Hierarchies: Home/office -> product type -> model * Multi-trees: links that enable navigation in several trees at once * Networks: General hypertext 2/25/2021 10

Action hierarchies 4 Define atomic actions * Looking for a name in a list * Scanning a list for something interesting * Reading a paragraph 4 Aggregate actions * Browsing TOC, jump to chapter, scan for topics * Locate term in index, start reading section with that term * Follow cross references from one doc to another, until no new docs. 2/25/2021 11

Info Metaphors 4 Mostly, we use hierarchies * File cabinet/folder * Book/chapter * Encyclopedia with articles * Television with channels * Shopping mall with stores * Museum with exhibits 2/25/2021 12

Action Metaphors 4 Various “next” buttons 4 Slide show metaphor 4 Zoom in/lens 4 Up/down in a hierarchy 2/25/2021 13

Four-phase pattern 4 Formulation * Pick the appropriate library or collection * Pick the style of search, normal/advanced 4 Action * Click on search * Adjust parameters of previous search 2/25/2021 14

Four-phase pattern 4 Review of results * URL+Document title, with context * Explanatory messages * Ordering method, alphabetical etc. * Apply clustering by topic 4 Refinement * Offer help in redefining the query * Relevance feedback (good/bad docs) * Provide search page with previous values * Provide option to save search options if complex 2/25/2021 15

Research issues 4 Lots of them… 4 Automatic clustering of atomic information can help build a site automatically. 4 Any a-priori site organization is probably not best. You need to look at user motion around the site. 2/25/2021 16

Research projects 4 Web. Quilt - visualization of user traffic on a site: 2/25/2021 17