CS 154 Formal Languages and Computability Thaddeus Aid

CS 154 Formal Languages and Computability Thaddeus Aid Department of Computer Science San Jose State University Spring 2016 Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 1

Green Sheet • The Green Sheet is/will be available at: http: //www. sjsu. edu/cs/practicalities/syllabi/spring-2016/index. html • It will also be available in the Canvas course area. • Additionally it will live at http: //www. cs. sjsu. edu/~aid • Please take a look at it Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 2

Contacting me • Email: Thaddeus. aid@sjsu. edu – This is my preferred method. • Skype: Thaddeus. aid – Make sure to mention that you are a student • Office Hours: Saturday 16: 00 – 17: 30 in DH 282 • When contacting me please tell me which class it is about Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 3

Course Description • Finite automata • Context-free languages • Turing machines • Computability Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 4

Learning Outcomes 1. CLO 1. Construct and use regular expressions and finite automata. 2. CLO 2. Construct and use context-free grammars and pushdown automata. 3. CLO 3. Construct and use simple Turing machines. 4. CLO 4. Describe the properties of various automata and languages. 5. CLO 5. Use pumping lemmas to show non-membership in a language category. 6. CLO 6. Turn a non-deterministic finite automaton into a deterministic one. 7. CLO 7. Minimize a deterministic finite automaton. 8. CLO 8. Describe closure properties of languages, and state minimization of automata. • 9. CLO 9. Describe decidability and classify basic problems as decidable or not. • • Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 5

Text Book • Introduction to Theory of Computation by Anil Maheshwari and Michiel Smid • Download at http: //cglab. ca/~michiel/Theory. Of. Computation. pdf • Links to additional online material will be provided as required Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 6

Assignments and Exams • There will be 4 homework assignments • 3 will be worth 10% of your grade each • 1 will be worth 20% of your grade • There will be 1 Midterm exam worth 20% of your grade • There will be 1 Final Exam worth 30% of your grade Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 7

How I Grade • There are 100 points available in this course: • For Homework: • The 10% Homework Assignments are worth 10 points (kind of obvious) • • 7 Points – Content 1 Point – Style 1 Point – Clarity 1 Point – Formatting Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 8

Grading (Cont. ) • The 20% Homework is worth 20 points (again obvious) • You will be writing an interpreter in Clojure. • Your goal will be to “create” a simple language and then use Clojure to translate it into computer usable terms. • 1 point – It works • 15 points – Your ideas on how to implement it and your choice of algorithms • 1 point – Style • 1 point – Clarity • 1 point – Formatting Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 9

Grading (Cont. 3) • Midterm – 20 points • Anything that I mention in class is fair game for being put into the midterm • If I don’t mention it in class I will not put it in the midterm • Hopefully (all things being equal) I will provide 4 sections of questions each worth 10 points. • • You will choose 2 and answer them You do not get extra credit for answering 3 or 4 If you answer more than 2 I will take the scores from the 2 that you score highest in The Midterm will last 2 hours and 15 minutes • You can leave early if you finish early, just be really quiet Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 10

Grading (Cont. 4) • Final – 30 Points • Basically the same sort of thing as the midterm, but with the totality of the class available for questions. • I still won’t put anything on it that I don’t cover in class. • 2 hours and 15 minutes • You can leave early if you are really quiet • Hopefully, like the midterm, I will provide 4 sections of questions worth 15 points each and you choose the two you like best. • If you answer more than two sections you will be scored for your highest two scores. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 11

Final Grade • I will simply total the points you earn • This means right now that you have an A+, keep it up!!!!! • The letter grades are as follows: • • • 90% or more A 80 -89% B 70 -79% C 60 -69% D 59% or less F The + or – • If the unit digit is 7 -9 you get a + • If the unit digit is a 0 -2 you get a – • That means a score of 82 is a BCreative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 12

Extra Credit • I have no plans for extra credit. • That being said, I want you to succeed. • If you put in the work, you will get a good grade. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 13

Getting your work back • I hope to have your homework back to you within 2 weeks. • You won’t get your midterms back but we will go over the questions. • I will endeavor to have them graded within 2 weeks • You also won’t get your finals back. • These will be graded and your final grade posted at the normal time Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 14

Expectations of You (The Student) • Be here on time • If you are more than 10 minutes late I reserve the right to refuse entry to the class until the break time. You may join the class after the break. • If you are late, do not make a disturbance when you enter the class. • If you are going to be late, let me know and I can work around it. • SJSU guidelines say that you should be spending about 9 hours a week on this course. • I will endeavor to keep things to under that time. I know that everyone has other responsibilities and need to maintain social connections or go insane. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 15

Expectations of You (The Student) • Late Work • In general, I don’t accept late work unless you contact me prior to the deadline • Contact me earlier rather than later • Submission of Work • The dates are listed in the Green Sheet (subject to change) • All submissions are to be done by email (send to Thaddeus. aid@sjsu. edu) • You must put your name in the file and in the file name • The file name should be something like cs 154 -firstname-lastname-assignment 1. doc • If you have multiple files please zip them Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 16

Expectations of You (The Student) • Classroom Behavior • We are all adults that are here because we want to be. • You are paying a lot of money to be here! • So is everyone else! • As such, we will promote a friendly, helpful atmosphere. • All things like racism, homophobia, sexism, transphobia, etc are strictly forbidden. • Class participation and questions are encouraged, I particularly like it when people stump me. It makes me think and learn something new. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 17

Expectations of Me (The Teacher) • I will be on time. • If I am not on time I will email everyone • If I am ill I will email everyone • I will do everything in my power to enable you to learn and get a good mark in this course. • I will be available as much as possible to answer questions on Canvas, by email, or Skype. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 18

Expectations of Me (The Teacher) • This is my first term at SJSU as well as teaching this course! • • I am learning how to do this as well! I WILL make mistakes! I WILL do my best to fix them! Give me feedback! I live for feedback! • If you like something, say so • If you don’t, say so anyway Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 19

Recording and Sharing Course Information • All my lecture slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution. Share. Alike 4. 0 International License • Feel free to give a copy to everyone you know • Feel free to record my lectures • However, as derivative works of my lecture notes they are also bound under the same license. So feel free to give a copy to everyone! (Also if it is a good copy, I want a copy to release on my You. Tube page). • My questions/exams are NOT to be shared. • Plagiarism will get you kicked off my course and reported to the appropriate people. • Citation is of course not plagiarism ; ) • If you work as a group, you must tell me so and tell me the names of everyone that contributed to your work. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 20

Disabilities • If you have a disability or think you have a disability • The wonderful and helpful people at the Accessibility Education Center will help you out and let me know what I need to do in order to help you learn • You are NOT required to tell me. • You can tell me if you wish and I will do my best to adjust my teaching style to accommodate you. Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 21

Topics to be Covered • Warning: This is Subject to Change!!! • Intro to Formal Languages and Computability (This lecture) • A Brief History of Computers and Programming • A review of mathematics and proofs • Finite State Automata • Regular Expressions • Context Free Languages • Push Down Automata Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 22

Topics to be Covered (Cont. ) • Turing Machines • Church-Turning Hypothesis • Decidable and Undecidable Languages • Complexity Theory • The Halting Problem • Space Complexity • Parallel and Concurrent Complexity • Randomization • Quantum Computing Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 23

Homework 1 – To be assigned next week • I will be assigning the first homework next week. • It will be designing a number of Finite State Machines • You may be asked to implement a FSM Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 24

See you after the break • 15 minutes! Creative Commons Attribution-Share. Alike 4. 0 International License 25