Crusades What is a Crusade Holy war against

Crusades

What is a Crusade? • Holy war against an infidel or unbeliever In medieval Europe, this meant anyone who did not follow the Roman Catholic religion

How The Crusades Began… • Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took over Jerusalem • Threatened Byzantium • The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I wrote a letter to Pope Urban II asking for help Remember we discussed this during our Islam unit? ?

Byzantium = Nervous • Turks took over Abbasid land the Anatolian peninsula • VERY close to Constantinople… the Byzantine Emperor asked for HELP!

Pope Urban II • Saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the church and raise an army • Could free Jerusalem and the “holy land” • In 1095 the Pope called on people to fight for “their God” and he promised the remission of sins

Pope Urban II & Peasants • Called on the people of Europe to fight in 1095 • Thousands responded • Peasants are unprepared (skills & supplies) • Most die

Why Join a Crusade? • Knights motivated by: – Religion (and sins) – Adventure – Fighting – Opportunity to gain land, riches & maybe even a title

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1 st Crusade • First Crusade – Many knights (especially from France) – Several thousand cavalry & 10, 000 infantry – Reached Jerusalem in June, 1099 – Won

After the Crusaders won… • They divided up the land into states • Called the land the “Kingdom Beyond the Sea” • Many crusaders returned home (to England, France, etc. )… • Muslims win back one of the states by 1144: Edessa

nd 2 Crusade • Crusaders try to win back Edessa • Fail

rd 3 Crusade (King’s Crusade) • Jerusalem recaptured by Muslims by 1187 – Muslims led by Saladin • Third Crusade (sometimes called the Kings Crusade) led by many great European leaders • King Richard vs. Saladin… ends in a truce – Muslims control Jerusalem but Christians are free to worship in the city

th 4 Crusade • Many years later… Saladin dies • Pope Innocent III decides to start a 4 th crusade to win back Jerusalem • Crusaders meet in Venice, Italy- they realize they need money and weapons – Venice’s leader, Dodge Dandello • Invade Constantinople (Byzantium)

4 th Crusade • Not a single Muslim killed • The Crusaders never made it to Jerusalem • The Crusades began because of the emperor of Byzantium- in the end they invade Byzantium!

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Other Crusading Efforts: • Spanish Reconquista / Inquisition • Children’s Crusade

Effects of the Crusades: • • Power of religion Status of women Trade Religious tensions among Christians, Jewish, Muslims

Crusade Summary • Byz Emperor asks for help- Pope calls for crusade • Peasant Crusade- all die • 1 st Crusade/ Knight- Win Jerusalem • 2 nd Crusade- FAIL- Unable to recapture Edessa • 3 rd Crusade/ King’s Crusade- Ends in Truce, Muslims maintain control over J • 4 th Crusade- Never make it to Jerusalem •