Crusades Review Causes and Effects Causes European Christians

Crusades Review Causes and Effects

Causes!

• European Christians launched series of religious wars, Crusades, in Middle Ages • Goal to take Jerusalem, Holy Land, away from Muslims • Jerusalem site of Holy Temple of Jews, also where Jesus crucified, buried, was to come again • Vital to Christians to control city Causes-Holy Land: Jerusalem

• Jerusalem in control of North African Muslims, Fatimids, late 1000 s • Turkish Muslims took control of Persia, other lands, persecuted Christians visiting region • Turks attacked Byzantine Empire-destroyed army in 1071. • Emperor turned to Western Europe, Pope Urban II, for help Causes

Pope Urban II called church leaders to council in Clermont, France �Described dangers faced by Byzantines �Called on Christian warriors to put aside differences, fight against Turks ◦ Effective call to arms ◦ Hundreds of knights, nobles volunteered for Crusade ◦ Set out to meet foes with slogan “God wills it!” Causes-Pope Urban

Effects!

• • • Exposure to Muslim culture and to the world in general Feudal structure weakened Increased use of money Kept control of the Mediterranean Greek and Latin churches permanently split Failure of Crusades produced bitter feelings towards Muslims Effects

• • • Muslims adapted European military tactics Muslim scholarship circulated throughout European universities as Arabic works were translated into Latin Exchange of languages Chess and paper traveled to Europe through Muslims Muslim arch used in cathedrals Textile industries adapted by Muslims Effects-Ideas and Knowledge

Historic evidence of trade between Muslims, Byzantines, Europeans prior to Crusades • Crusades enhanced existing trade • Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to Europe • Increase in trade added to changing European economy during Middle Ages • Effects-Trade and Wealth