Cross Border Training Module Wind Energy Basics Kirsten
Cross Border Training Module Wind Energy Basics Kirsten Mc. Nelly Attorney – Foster, Swift, Collins & Smith, P. C. Ph: (517) 371. 8214 kmcnelly@fosterswift. com www. fosterswift. com
Cross Border Training Module What is Wind Energy? ¢ At its most simple, air in motion is wind. Wind contains the kinetic energy of that motion. A portion of that energy can be converted into other forms of mechanical force or electricity that can be used to perform work. This has been done for many years (such as a farm windmill). John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 1
Cross Border Training Module What is a Wind Turbine And How Does It Work? ¢ ¢ A wind turbine "transforms the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be harnessed for practical use. " www. awea. org Mechanical energy can be used for many purposes, such as pumping water. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 2
Cross Border Training Module There Are Two Basic Designs of Wind Electric Turbines ¢ Vertical axis ("egg beater" style) ¢ Horizontal axis ("propeller" style) l Horizontal axis are most common today John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 3
Wind Energy A Renewable Source of Electricity A presentation by Gerry Nicholas October 7, 2009 G. Nicholas and Associates, LLC
Why Build Wind Farms? • Clean, renewable energy. Each megawatt hour of wind energy reduces CO 2 production by about 1 ton. • Cost benefit to building multiple turbines in one area • One 1. 5 megawatt turbine can produce enough electricity to power 400 homes for one year • Wind energy is cost effective compared to other new build electric generation • Economic benefits: – Jobs – Landowner payments – Personal property taxes
MPSC has approved DTE and CMS Renewable Energy Plans Michigan Public Service Commission has agreed with utility targets for installed renewable power • Renewable Energy will be 10% of retail electric sales by 2015 • Minimum New Renewable Energy Capacity will be a total of 1500 megawatts from all sources, which is equal to one or two conventional coal or nuclear power plants • Most of the renewable power will be from wind turbines
MPSC has approved DTE and CMS Renewable Energy Plans MPSC rules for the new power source • Must be Michigan based • Qualified technologies: wind, solar, biomass, hydro, some co-generation • Bonuses for solar installations and generation during peak hours, as well as Michigan content
MPSC has approved DTE and CMS Renewable Energy Plans MPSC declared ownership rules • Allows 50% of new renewable sources to be utility owned. • Remainder of the renewable power for utilities must be sourced from others. • Power from Wind Farms similar to the John Deere non-utility owned site we are visiting today will be purchased by utilities though competitive bids.
Michigan’s Wind Energy Resource Zoning Board Purpose of the Zoning Board • Determine, in a public forum, the major onshore areas in Michigan favorable to wind energy development • Provide guidance on energy development and transmission planning • Draft report published and public hearings underway • Publish final report January 2010
Wind Energy Resource Zoning Board Draft Report Results • Four Regions identified with combined capacity of 6, 140 MW (approx 4000 1. 5 m. W turbines) – Areas 1, 2 and 3 are on the west side of the State, near Traverse City and southwest Allegan County, combined represent 30% of the total potential – Area 4, most of the northern Thumb area, represents the remaining 70% of the total potential (2000 -
DTE and CMS are Concentrating Wind Energy Development in the Thumb • Huron County has some of the best wind speeds in the state of Michigan and is in DTE’s service territory. • Huron County has many farms which are very compatible with wind farms. • Huron County’s flat land makes construction easier. • Current transmission is not adequate for planned wind farms.
Utility-Size Wind Turbine Facts • Turbines of 1. 5 megawatts are typical • Total height of a tower is 394 feet from the tower base to the tip of the rotor. • One 1. 5 MW turbine can produce nearly 4 million k. Wh annually -- enough electricity to power 400 homes for one year
Wind Farm Facts • Size of farm depends on area of land available, additional electric generation required, and transmission capacity available • Typically takes 30 months or more for land easements, siting, zoning, feasibility and environmental studies, permits, and construction
Wind Farm Land Use • Once complete, generators and their service roads may require up to 3 percent of leased acreage; • Inter-connecting underground power cables tie the individual Wind Turbines via easements to an electrical substation • The balance of land is available for normal activities.
Wind Turbine Siting Issues • Homes and other sensitive receptors • Noise, shadow flicker, shadow glint, tower shadow • Wildlife and Wetlands • Landowner usage of the land • Community • Aviation, communication and radar beams • Wind resource • Terrain and ease of construction • Project economics
Wind Energy Development Activities Are Substantial • Over 100, 000 acres of easements under contract by DTE and CMS in the thumb counties • Independent developers are also planning additional wind farms with energy output to sell to the utilities • Meteorological stations have been collecting wind and weather data for several years. • Interconnection to the Power Transmission System has been applied for. • Wildlife and wetland studies are nearly completed • Noise, siting and zoning issues are being evaluated • Participation in County, local township and planning commission meetings
A Future Option Offshore Wind • Michigan’ s best winds are offshore in Lakes Michigan and Huron (red and orange areas) • Moves turbines away from population • Being considered by Wind Farm Developers
Offshore Wind Power in Michigan • Feasibility studies underway • Costs to install and maintain are higher • Potential for good sites greater than on shore
Wind Farms “in the City” • New technologies are allowing wind farms to be built “on top of the city” • Zoning ordinances and buildings codes must be modified • Chicago recently approved zoning for rooftop wind generation
Wind Farms in the City Windy Cities like New York , Chicago and San Francisco are Prime Locations for Roof Top Turbines
Wind Farms in the City 60 kilowatt units can be sited easily and blend into the architecture
Presented by: G. Nicholas and Associates, LLC For consulting services on wind, solar, biomass, cogeneration and other renewable energy systems please contact: Gerry Nicholas Office: 586 -774 -1186 Mobile: 734 -604 -0387 Email: gnicholas@wowway. com
Cross Border Training Module Michigan Wind Energy Law Liza C. Moore Attorney – Foster, Swift, Collins & Smith, P. C. Ph: (517) 371. 8281 lmoore@fosterswift. com www. fosterswift. com
Cross Border Training Module National Wind Energy Potential ¢ The U. S. Department of Energy has studied wind energy potential nationwide. The Great Lakes and Michigan have significant wind energy potential, as indicated in the map. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 24
Cross Border Training Module Michigan Wind Energy Potential ¢ The U. S. Department of Energy's Wind Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have mapped wind resources for Michigan. Their map, shown below, shows wind speed estimates at 50 meters above the ground and shows areas that could be used for utility-scale wind development. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 25
Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth Wind Maps Cross Border Training Module ¢ According to the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth, AWS Truewind has developed wind energy resource maps for the Energy Office and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. DELEG notes that "although the maps are believed to represent an accurate overall picture of the wind energy resource, estimates at any location should be confirmed by measurement before purchase or installation of any wind power system. " DELEG has posted maps online that depict wind power density at 30, 50, 70, and 100 meters above the ground. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 26
Cross Border Training Module Taking Advantage of Michigan's Wind Resources ¢ According to the U. S. Department of Energy, Michigan has wind resources consistent with utility-scale production. These natural wind resources give Michigan the opportunity to develop that potential into useful wind energy. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 27
Cross Border Training Module Michigan Wind Energy Law ¢ In recent years, Michigan lawmakers have taken action to facilitate the development of wind energy in Michigan by passing the Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act and creating the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board and Michigan Great Lakes Wind Council to study Michigan's wind resources. New legislation and rules will likely be developed to help Michigan put the wind to work. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 28
Cross Border Training Module Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act ¢ In 2008, the Michigan Legislature passed the Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act, (2008 PA 295; MCL 460. 1001 et seq. ) to: l promote the development of clean energy, renewable energy, and energy optimization through the implementation of a clean, renewable, and energy efficient standard that will cost-effectively do all of the following: a) Diversify the resources used to reliably meet the energy needs of consumers in this state. b) Provide greater energy security through the use of indigenous energy resources available within the state. c) Encourage private investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency. d) Provide improved air quality and other benefits to energy consumers and citizens of this state John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 29
Cross Border Training Module Renewable Energy Standard ¢ The Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act created a Renewable Energy Standard for Michigan, which requires Michigan electric providers to achieve a retail supply portfolio that includes at least 10% renewable energy by 2015. Providers will begin meeting annual interim compliance requirements in 2012, working up to the 10% renewable energy standard by 2015. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 30
Cross Border Training Module Wind Energy Resource Zone Board ¢ The Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act also established the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board. This board includes representatives from the commission, the electric utility industry, alternative energy suppliers, the attorney general, the renewable energy industry, cities and villages, townships, independent transmission companies, environmental organizations, and the public. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 31
Cross Border Training Module Report of the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board ¢ ¢ ¢ The Wind Energy Resource Zone Board was required by the Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act to issue a report that explained what regions of Michigan have the highest level of wind energy harvest potential. The board issued a proposed report on June 2, 2009, which was prepared by Public Sector Consultants Inc. and the Michigan State University Land Policy Institute. The final report is expected on October 15, 2009. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 32
Industry Response to the Report of the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board Cross Border Training Module ¢ ¢ Electric utilities, affiliated transmission companies and independent transmission facilities will have 45 days after the final report is issued by the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board to identify existing or new transmission infrastructure necessary to deliver maximum and minimum wind energy production potential for each of regions. The Wind Energy Resource Zone Board is set to dissolve in early January 2010. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 33
Cross Border Training Module Michigan Public Service Commission Response to the Report of the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board ¢ Based on the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board 's findings, the Michigan Public Service Commission will then issue a final order designating the area of Michigan likely to be the most productive of wind energy as the primary wind energy resource zone. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 34
Cross Border Training Module Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth Guidance for Local Governments ¢ ¢ ¢ Even though the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth notes it does not have authority to issue regulations related to wind energy systems siting, DELEG has developed guidance containing recommended zoning language for local governments to use if they amend their zoning ordinance to address wind energy systems. The Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth developed Michigan Siting Guidelines for Wind Energy Systems, dated March 5, 2007. This publication is available at: http: //www. michigan. gov/documents/Wind_and_Solar_Siting_Guidlines _Draft_5_96872_7. pdf The Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth developed Sample Zoning for Wind Energy Systems, dated April 16, 2008. This publication is available at: http: //www. michigan. gov/documents/dleg/Wind. Energy. Sample. Zoning_2 36105_7. pdf John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 35
Cross Border Training Module Great Lakes Wind Council ¢ ¢ On February 6, 2009, Governor Granholm signed Executive Order No. 2009 -1, creating the Michigan Great Lakes Wind Council, an ad hoc advisory body within the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth established to study and make recommendations related to the development of offshore wind energy projects in Michigan. "The Great Lakes are Michigan's most precious natural resource, and they provide tremendous economic value to the citizens of Michigan, " Granholm said. "The availability, consistency, and velocity of wind in the Great Lakes make their waters uniquely attractive to wind energy developers seeking to build offshore wind energy systems - but we want to make sure we are prudent in this process of approval. " John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 36
Cross Border Training Module Report of the Great Lakes Wind Council ¢ The Michigan Great Lakes Wind Council issued its report on September 1, 2009. The report's key recommendations related to: l l the development of a set of criteria to identify and map areas of the Great Lakes that appear to be most favorable for wind turbine placement, areas where development should be categorically excluded, and conditional areas where turbines may be permitted but require additional study or mitigation compared to the most favorable areas; a process for approving or denying offshore use of the Michigan's Great Lakes bottomlands for wind energy, achieved through amendments to Part 325 of Michigan's Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act and new legislation; asking the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to conduct a programmatic environmental impact statement to evaluate potential impacts, jurisdictional issues, and agency roles as part of offshore wind development; and the continued existence of the Council to provide further guidance to the development of wind power. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 37
Cross Border Training Module Exhibit 12 of the Michigan Great Lakes Wind Council's September 1, 2009, Report: ¢ Application of Recommended Mapping Criteria John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 38
Cross Border Training Module Additional Resources for Michigan Wind Energy Law ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Clean, Renewable, and Efficient Energy Act 2008 PA 295; MCL 460. 1001 et seq. Michigan Public Service Commission--Renewable Energy Standard http: //www. michigan. gov/mpsc/0, 1607, 7 -159 -16393_53570 ---, 00. html Michigan Public Service Commission--Wind Energy Resource Zone Board: http: //www. michigan. gov/mpsc/0, 1607, 7 -159 -16393_52375 ---, 00. html Great Lakes Wind Council: http: //www. michiganglowcouncil. org/ Great Lakes Commission--Great Lakes Wind Collaborative: http: //www. glc. org/energy/wind/ Michigan State University Extension--Wind Energy: http: //web 1. msue. msu. edu/wind/index. htm Michigan State University Land Policy Institute: http: //www. landpolicy. msu. edu/modules. php? name=Pages&sp_id=382&pmenu_id =79 John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 39
Cross Border Training Module Inside a Wind Turbine ¢ ¢ The U. S. Department of Energy has provided information about wind turbines to the public to help citizens know how wind energy works. According to the DOE, "modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups: the horizontal-axis variety. . . and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Horizontal-axis wind turbines typically either have two or three blades. These three-bladed wind turbines are operated "upwind, " with the blades facing into the wind. " John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 40
Cross Border Training Module Inside a Wind Turbine ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller. Blades: Most turbines have either two or three blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate. Brake: A disc brake, which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies. Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 55 mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds above about 55 mph because they might be damaged by the high winds. Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear boxes. Generator: Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator that produces 60 -cycle AC electricity. High-speed shaft: Drives the generator. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 41
Cross Border Training Module Inside a Wind Turbine ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute. Nacelle: The nacelle sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land on. Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity. Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor. Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity. Wind direction: This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run "downwind, " facing away from the wind. Wind vane: Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind. Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind. Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 42
Cross Border Training Module Source Slide ¢ Slide 24: l ¢ Slide 25: l ¢ U. S. Department of Energy Information available at: http: //www. windpoweringamerica. gov/maps_template. asp? stateab=mi Slide 28: l ¢ These maps are available from the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth at http: //www. michigan. gov/dleg/0, 1607, 7 -154 -25676_25774 -101765 -, 00. html Slide 27: l ¢ U. S. Department of Energy Map and Information available at: http: //www. windpoweringamerica. gov/maps_template. asp? stateab=mi Slide 26: l ¢ U. S. Department of Energy Map and Information available at: http: //www 1. eere. energy. gov/windandhydro/wind_potential. html Photo of Michigan Wind I, Huron County, 69 MW, 2008; photo available at http: //www. michigan. gov/documents/dleg/Wind_Chart_288934_7. pdf Slide 29: l l MCL 460. 1001(2). The Michigan Public Service Commission will promulgate rules to implement this act in fall 2009. MCL 460. 1191. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 43
Cross Border Training Module Source Slide ¢ Slide 30: l ¢ Slide 31: l ¢ MCL 460. 1145; Proposed Report of the Wind Energy Resource Zone Board is available at http: //www. dleg. state. mi. us/mpsc/renewables/windboard/werzb_proposed_re port_june_2_2009. pdf Slide 33: l ¢ MCL 460. 1141 et seq. Slide 32: l ¢ MCL 460. 1027; Michigan Public Service Commission information on the Renewable Energy Standard available at: http: //www. michigan. gov/mpsc/0, 1607, 7 -159 -16393_53570 ---, 00. html MCL 460. 1145 Slide 34: l l MCL 460. 1147 The Wind Energy Resource Zone Board 's website is available at http: //www. michigan. gov/mpsc/0, 1607, 7 -159 -16393_52375 ---, 00. html John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 44
Cross Border Training Module Source Slide ¢ Slide 36: l ¢ Slide 37: l ¢ Press Release from the Office of the Governor dated February 6, 2009, available at http: //www. michigan. gov/0, 1607, 7 -168 --208364 --, 00. html Report of the Great Lakes Wind Council available at http: //www. michiganglowcouncil. org/GLOW%20 Report%209 -1 -09_FINAL. pdf Slide 38: l Image Source: Institute for Fisheries Research, UM/MDNR, 2009. • l ¢ Report of the Great Lakes Wind Council available at http: //www. michiganglowcouncil. org/GLOW%20 Report%209 -1 -09_FINAL. pdf (this image is from page 29 of the report) Slide 40: l ¢ NOTE: Data for the following criteria are not yet included in the Michigan GIS Lakebed Alteration Decision Support Tool and are not reflected in this map: aids to navigation; buoyed navigation channels; submerged transmission lines; globally or continentally significant concentrations of bird or bat species of conservation concern; habitat for threatened and endangered species; very high concentrations of birds or bats on at least a seasonal basis; underwater archaeological sites; and commercial fishing areas. In addition, the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary in Lake Huron is not reflected on this map. U. S. Department of Energy information available at: http: //www 1. eere. energy. gov/windandhydro/wind_how. html Slide 41 & 42: l U. S. Department of Energy Diagram and Definitions available at http: //www 1. eere. energy. gov/windandhydro/wind_how. html John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 45
Cross Border Training Module Wind Farm Leases Scott A. Storey Attorney – Foster, Swift, Collins & Smith, P. C. Ph: (517) 371. 8159 sstorey@fosterswift. com www. fosterswift. com
Cross Border Training Module Wind Farm Leases are Negotiable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Must be written Must contain operative words ("grant") or ("lease") Property description Identification of parties Signatures of the parties Everything else is negotiable! John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 47
Cross Border Training Module Wind Farm Leases Are Long Term ¢ ¢ ¢ Leases are often for terms of 25 years or more Many leases grant options to the developer to extend the lease an additional 25 -years or more Entering into a wind farm lease may commit your property beyond your lifetime or ownership. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 48
Cross Border Training Module Wind Farm Leases and Development ¢ Most wind farm leases do not guarantee wind farm development. Rather, most leases allow the lessor a year or more to run tests and to evaluate whether a wind farm is feasible. Usually, only a nominal fee is paid for the initial evaluation. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 49
Cross Border Training Module Research the Developer ¢ ¢ ¢ Because the lease will likely extend for 25 years or more, it is important to know who will develop the wind farm. Background checks can determine that developer's expertise in wind farm development, the success or failure of prior developments, and the developer's financial stability. If the lease allows the developer to assign its lease rights, there should be assurances that its assignee will be a prudent developer. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 50
Cross Border Training Module Payment Under Wind Farm Leases ¢ Typically, the developer makes three types of payment: 1. 2. 3. Nominal fee during first years of lease to allow developer to study feasibility of wind farm development. One time payment at time of turbine installation. After installation, yearly or monthly payment based on capacity of turbine and/or percentage of revenue from sale of electricity generated. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 51
Cross Border Training Module Conclusion of Lease ¢ Wind farm leases should provide for removal of turbine(s) and foundation at the conclusion of the lease, and restoration of the property to its prelease condition. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 52
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 1. Property location relative to published wind profiles may influence the developer's willingness to negotiate. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 53
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 2. Competition between developers may influence a developer's willingness to negotiate. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 54
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 2. Competition between developers may influence a developer's willingness to negotiate. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 55
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 3. We advise landowners to personally visit a wind farm prior to executing a lease so that they can appreciate the actual impact of a wind farm on their property. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 56
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 4. The lease may allow the landowners some influence on the placement of equipment or structures. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 57
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 5. The lease can dictate rights and restrictions relative to the continued use of the property by the landowner. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 58
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 6. Lease terms can protect the ability to continue farming activity. a) b) c) Drain protection during installation. Bury lines below plow depth. Removal of foundation at the conclusion of the lease John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 59
Cross Border Training Module Additional Considerations With Wind Farm Leases 7. Lease terms can provide procedures for the resolution of disputes over compliance with the lease or wind farm operations. John Deere Wind Farm Tour - Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Slide 60
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