Crop Establishment Special Topic Methods of Crop Establishment

Crop Establishment Special Topic: Methods of Crop Establishment Part 1: Understanding the Palay. Check System

Methods of Crop Establishment Direct Seeding Transplanting

Direct Seeding Broadcast seeding § widely used, easy and fast § manual or mechanical weeding difficult to use Row Seeding § not common as broadcasting § better control of seed rate § manual or mechanical weeding could be used

Direct Seeding: pros § less laborious than transplanting because no raising of seedlings in seedbeds, no pulling, and no need to transplant seedlings § shorter duration of maturity. Generally, direct seeded rice matures 7 -10 days earlier than transplanted rice because seedlings are not pulled. Direct seeded field

Direct Seeding: cons § suitability of variety – must be vigorous, tolerant to lodging § field must be well-prepared – level with small canals near the levee and in the middle of the field § pre-germinated seeds should be evenly distributed § extra protection against rats, birds, snails, and weeds needed

Methods of Crop Establishment Direct Seeding Transplanting

Transplanting Random (waray) planting § done without definite distance or spacing between seedlings Straight row planting § definite spacing is maintained between plants through the use of planting guides, markers, and mechanical transplanter

Transplanting: pros § good head start for plant growth over weeds § shorter duration in main field § easy to maintain uniform plant spacing & population if planted in rows

Transplanting: cons § tedious & laborintensive § drudgery & back problem § difficult to find labor to plant on time during peak planting season

Transplanting Why go for straight row planting? 1. it enhances the attainment of optimum plant spacing and population 2. it facilitates the application of fertilizers and pesticides 3. it facilitates weeding and roguing 4. off-types can be easily identified

wetbed drybed modified dapog Seedling preparation for transplanting mat nursery

TRANSPLANTING DIRECT-SEEDING

When to transplant? direct-seed? § variety to plant is best suited for TRANSPLANTING § § § transplanting (i. e. hybrid varieties) weather entails heavy rains birds, rats, golden kuhol, and weeds are main pests in the community water is abundant in the area DIRECT-SEEDING § variety to plant is best suited for direct § § -seeding (ex. NSIC Rc 144) farm labor is limited labor cost is high

seedbed field

General steps in preparing seeds for sowing SIPS so easy! 1. Soak the seeds § Soak seeds in clean water for 12 -24 hours § Wash seeds before and after soaking § Change soaking water every 5 -6 hours

SIPS so easy! 2. Incubate the seeds § Incubate seeds at 30 o. C for 24 -36 hours or until the root emerges § Keep seeds moist and aerated

SIPS so easy! 3. Prepare the area for sowing. § Prepare seedbeds a day before sowing. For direct seeding, make sure the field has already been leveled properly. § Incorporate on the upper layer 10 -15 bags of organic materials or 3 -4 bags commercial organic fertilizer for every 400 m 2 seedbed area before leveling

SIPS so easy! 4. Sow the pre-germinated seeds § Sow seeds in the seedbed or in the field when the roots are starting to come out § Sow seeds uniformly throughout the seedbed or the field

ANO RAW? Summary: § Methods of crop establishment: Transplanting and Direct seeding § Direct seeding: broadcast and row seeding § Transplanting: wetbed, drybed, modified dapog, mat nursery § In preparing seeds for sowing, remember SIPS!

CREDITS Instructional presentation designer: Ms. Ev Parac Sources of technical content/reviewers of presentation: Mr. Glenn Ilar Note: Adapted from powerpoint presentations developed by: Mr. Salvador Yabes You may use, remix, tweak, For more information, visit: & build upon this presentation non-commercially. However, always use with acknowledgment. Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are Phil. Rice staffers. Produced in 2011. Text: 0920 -911 -1398