CROP AREA AND PRODUCTION STATISTICS Presentation by GOKUL
CROP AREA AND PRODUCTION STATISTICS Presentation by GOKUL PRASAD, Asst. Statistical Officer, AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
“The reliable information on agricultural production statistics is very crucial for national planning and for improving the standard of living of rural masses. A large number of individuals and agencies are involved in the collection, coordination and supervision of data collection of crop area and the field work of Crop Estimation Survey for crop yield. Various steps have been taken from time to adopt uniform methods for ensuring the quality of data. However, it is being constantly felt that the data is subject to a large number of non-sampling errors and there are wide differences observed in estimates developed by different agencies. ” -Central Statistical Organization
Need for reliable, accurate and timely agricultural statistics The National Statistical Commission points out that “Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian Economy. Over 70% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. Agriculture along with fisheries and forestry accounts for one-third of the nation's GDP and is its single largest contributor. Agriculture exports constitute a fifth of the total exports of the country. In view of the predominant position of the Agriculture Sector, collection and maintenance of Agricultural Statistics assume great importance.
Crop and land use statistics form the backbone of the Agricultural Statistics System. Reliable and timely information on crop area, crop production and land use is of great importance to planners and policy makers for efficient agricultural development and for taking decisions on procurement, storage, public distribution, export, import and many other related issues. ” National Statistical Commission
Importance of Agriculture Sector in Karnataka § Agriculture plays a vital role in Karnataka’s economy. § About 57% of the total households in the State depend up on agriculture as their principal livelihood. § About 61% of the total population lives in rural areas and their main source of income is farming alone. § Agriculture and allied sectors account for about 15% of the GSDP and is among the top three contributors
Area Statistics In Karnataka collection of area and land use statistics are parts of land records maintained by the Revenue Department. The Village Accountant has to visit each and every survey/sub survey number of the village in each crop season and record information such as area under different crops, land use categories and its status in RTC. The stipulated period of area enumeration and writing of RTC by the Village Accountant is as follows: Early Kharif season. Late Kharif. Rabi. Summer- 1 st July to 31 st July 1 st September to 30 th September 1 st January to 31 st January 1 st April to 30 th April
Flow of Data from Village level to State Level RTC Village Abstract Taluk Consolidation District Consolidation State Consolidation
Collection of Crop Area Statistics in Agriculture Department Ø Crop Area Coverage is reported in all the three seasons through out the year by the field functionaries at weekly interval. RSK- Agriculture Officer Taluk- Asst. Director District - JDA State
Production Estimates Ø 1 st advance estimates are prepared in September every year. These estimates are based on area coverage reports from the field offices of the Agriculture Department. They are mainly guided by visual observation of crop status. Ø 2 nd advance estimates are prepared in January/February every year. These estimates are based on area reconciliation reports from the District Statistical Officers. These estimates cover 2 nd assessment of Kharif crops (based on CES yield data) and first assessment of Rabi crops based on area coverage reports. Contd.
Production Estimates Ø 3 rd advance estimates are prepared in March/April every year. These estimates are based on area reconciliation reports of Kharif and Rabi crops. These estimates cover final yield assessment of Kharif crops and primary yield data of Rabi crops. Ø 4 th advance estimates are prepared in June/July every year. These estimates are based on area reconciliation reports of Kharif, Rabi and Summer crops. These estimates cover final yield assessment of Kharif and Rabi crops and primary yield data of Summer crops. ØFinal estimates are prepared in December of the following agriculture year every year. These estimates are based on area reconciliation reports of Kharif, Rabi and Summer crops and final yield assessment of Kharif, Rabi and Summer crops as per Crop Estimation Survey.
Role of Agriculture Department in preparing Advance Estimates ØAgriculture Department provides the provisional figures of District-wise and Crop-wise Area Coverage of Kharif, Rabi and Summer Crops at regular interval to DE&S for preparing the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd advance estimates.
GAP/DIFFERENCE in Total area coverage under Agriculture Crops reported by Agriculture Department and by DE&S Year 2001 -02 2002 -03 2003 -04 2004 -05 2005 -06 2006 -07 2007 -08 2008 -09 2009 -10 Area Coverage reported by (Lakh hectares) Agriculture Dept. DE&S 100. 26 99. 09 96. 82 110. 05 113. 64 107. 96 113. 22 107. 39 112. 66 99. 99 98. 87 98. 99 111. 58 113. 83 107. 43 111. 45 106. 15 110. 29 Area Difference (Lakh hectares) 0. 27 0. 22 2. 17 1. 53 0. 19 0. 54 1. 76 1. 24 2. 37 % Difference 0. 3 0. 2 2. 22 1. 40 0. 2 0. 5 1. 6 1. 2 2. 1
GAP/DIFFERENCE in Crop Area Coverage under Agriculture Crops reported by Agriculture Department and by DE&S The difference in area coverage reported by the Agriculture Department and the figures indicated in FRE is mainly under crops like Sugarcane, Paddy, Bengal gram and Soyabean. The difference in Paddy area is on account of unauthorized cultivation and in sugarcane due to overlap of ratoon / planted area. The difference in minor crops is not of much significance due to very small area under these crops (minor millets, castor, niger seed, linseed, safflower etc. )
GAP/DIFFERENCE in Crop Area Coverage under Agriculture Crops reported by Agriculture Department and by DE&S The other reason for difference in area coverage reported by the Agriculture Department and by the DE&S is due to specified dates for furnishing the area statistics. Example: 1. Kharif Paddy area coverage during September in some parts of Mysore, Hassan, Mandya and Chamarajanagar is reported for the Rabi season by the Village Accountants. 2. Groundnut area coverage during late October/November in parts of Yadgir, Gulbarga and Bellary is not reported in either Rabi or Summer crop area coverage.
Schemes for fine-tuning of Crop Statistics Timely Reporting Scheme (TRS) 1969 -70 Scheme for the Improvement of Crop Statistics 1973 -74 Forecasting Agricultural Output Using Space, Agrometeorology and Land based Observations (FASAL) 2006 National Crop Forecast Centre 2012
Problems in the Data on Agricultural Crops § Village Accountants are burdened with multifarious functions such as identification of BPL families, issue of Ration Cards, Election duty, EPIC updating, Economic Census, Irrigation Census, Agriculture Census, Animal Husbandry Census, Drought/flood reports and continuous miscellaneous work. Hence, he finds very little time for writing RTC in time. § In the event of drought or flood the primary workers has pressure to under estimate or over estimate the area. §Poor higher level supervision and control of field operations to check and validate the area figures. § Timeliness and accuracy not maintained by Village Accountants. § Lack of awareness of importance of area and production estimates among field staff and supervisory staff. §Due to insurance claims, primary worker has pressure to under estimate the crop yield under Crop Cutting Experiments.
Measures to improve Crop Area and Production Statistics • Creating awareness. • Compulsory regular reporting. • Government enactment for field inspection and writing of RTC in scheduled period. • Lapses on account of negligence in timely writing of RTC , conducting Crop Cutting Experiments and failure in supervision are to be made punishable. • Continuous monitoring by senior officers. • Creating separate Statistical Cell in all Gram Panchayaths for doing agriculture statistics work, surveys, census and collection of basic statistics. • Task force to be established for monitoring and evaluation of Agriculture Statistics
SPECIAL INITIATIVES OF KARNATAKA STATE TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE CROPS “Bhoo- Chetana” - For improving productivity of Rainfed Crops by 20% in 4 years (2009 -10 to 2012 -13) in a phased manner. Exclusive budget for agriculture sector to give a new dimension to schemes related to land water and to make improvements in agricultural growth. “Suvarna Bhoomi Yojane “- Implementation of a special scheme for diversifying to high value crops. Distribution of quality seeds at subsidized rates. Go. K – CGIAR Initiative for Improving Rural Livelihoods in Karnataka.
Bhoochetana Progress at a Glance Component 2009 -10 Kharif 2010 -11 Kharif 2011 -12 kharif 2012 -13 kharif Area (lakh ha. ) 2. 0 12 25. 4 50. 0 No. of districts 06 16 30 30 No. of Villages 1440 5030 13800 25000 No. of farmers (Lakhs) 2 8 22 45 No. of farmer facilitators 520 2500 5700 10000 No. of lead farmers 1870 10500 29400 50000 Ragi, Maize, Groundnut & Soybean Ragi, Maize, Groundnut, Soyabean, Cotton, Redgram, Bajra, Blackgram, Jowar, Greengram, Bengal Gram Rainfed Paddy, Ragi, Maize, Groundnut, Soyabean, Cotton, Red gram, Bajra, Black gram, Jowar, Green gram, Bengal Gram Crops
Increased cereal mean grain yields across districts with improved management practices over famers’ practice under Bhoochetana, rainy season 2011 32% 24%
Increased yields of pulses with improved management practices over famers’ practice in districts of Karnataka under Bhoochetana, rainy season 2011 1200 Farmers' management 38% 33% 1000 Improved management Grain Yield (kg ha-1) 42% 800 600 12% 25% 400 200 0 Bidar Blackgram Bidar Bijapur Greengram Pulses Grown Districts Yadgir Mandya Cowpea
Increased oil seed crop yields with improved management practices under Bhoochetana over farmers’ practice in different districts, rainy season 2011 Farmers' management 4000 Improved management 3500 3000 53% 36% 2500 39% 2000 1500 34% 1000 38% 23% 500 Oilseeds Grown Districts Koppal Haveri Davanagere Gr ou nd nu t Chitradurga Bijapur Yadgir Su n Flo we r So yb ea n Haveri 0 Bidar Grain Yield (kg ha-1) 42% 26%
EXCLUSIVE BUDGET FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR In order to strengthen agriculture and allied sectors. To bring about progress in the agricultural sector. To surmount inadequate investment, lack of appropriate technology, processing and marketing facilities in the agricultural sector. To make improvements in agricultural growth. For comprehensive strengthening of agriculture sector and welfare of farmers. Agriculture and related Irrigation sectors were allocated Rs. 17857 crores during 2011 -12. During 2012 -13 Rs. 19660 Crore is provided for agriculture and agriculture related allied activities
Suvarna Bhoomi Yojane ØImplementation a special scheme for revitalize the lives of 10 lakh farmer families, including 2 lakh families from the Scheduled Castes and 1 lakh from the Scheduled Tribes. Ø Agricultural families with land holding up to 2 acres will be given financial assistance amounting to Rs. 10, 000 in two installments, directly through banks or co-operative societies. ØTotally 10 lakh families will adopt Horticulture , Sericulture, Biofuels, Organic farming, Oilseeds of high yielding verities, Pulses and Bt cotton, Apiculture and Fish farming in alkaline and saline lands.
Suvarna Bhoomi Yojana- 2011 -12 Sl. No. Activity No. of Beneficiaries Total Assistance provided (Rs. in Crore) 231446 157. 95 31318 11. 97 8733 531. 00 61353 44. 62 345785 247. 08 Apiculture 4566 3. 51 Fisheries 6934 4. 41 6, 90, 135 474. 86 1 Horticulture 2 Sericulture 3 Bio-fuel 4 Organic Farming 5 Agriculture 6 7 TOTAL
Suvarna Bhoomi Yojana- 2012 -13 Programme Sl. No. Activity No. of Beneficiaries Total Assistance (Rs. in Crore) 1 Horticulture 83649 87. 50 2 Bio-fuel 65000 50. 00 3 Agriculture 245000 250. 00 4 Fisheries 3920 3. 92 3, 97, 569 391. 42 Total
Subsidised Seeds Distribution 7. 02 lakh quintals seeds of various crops were provided to 29. 93 lakh farmers amount to Rs. 99. 80 Crore during 2011 -12. Rs. 100 crore is allocated for disbursement of quality seeds at subsidy to 30 lakh farmers during 2012 -13.
Go. K – CGIAR Initiative for Improving Rural Livelihoods in Karnataka (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) v The Department of Agriculture is closely working with International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in the implementation of Bhoochetana, for increasing productivity of rainfed crops in 30 districts. v The impact of Bhoochetana during the last three years has clearly demonstrated that farmers are benefitted with increased crop productivity ranging from 23 to 66% in different districts with different crops. v Realizing high impacts in terms of increased agricultural productivity, the State Government desired to partner with the CGIAR institutions working in India in a consortium approach led by ICRISAT for “ Improving rural livelihoods in Karnataka”.
OBJECTIVES • To increase the productivity of agricultural systems by 20% • To enhance average family income by 25% • To establish pilots and innovation platforms for farmers – line departments – researchers – policymakers • To reduce vulnerability of farmers to changes due to climate variability and market forces • To develop strategy for sustainable eco friendly production systems using selected system-level interventions.
The above stated special initiatives for over all growth of Agriculture Sector in Karnataka State by the State Government in addition to the assistance under various schemes of Government of India shall definitely result in higher production and higher growth. This will certainly happen, if we all strive hard to improve the quality and accuracy of agriculture statistics. THANKS
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