CROBECO Different Perspectives Different Perspectives I Introduction Different
CROBECO Different Perspectives
Different Perspectives • I. Introduction – Different perspectives • Technical (land registrars) • Formal (notaries, solicitors) • Economic (EU services market) – Blurring of functions – From form to substance Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (1) – Traditionally: Focus on local (national) law – Land (physical property) as a person’s most valuable asset – Private international law: Lex rei sitae Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (2) – Four important developments (a): • De-physicalisation of property • Contractualisation of property law – Example: securitisation Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (3) – Four important developments (b): • The rise of Information Technology (Internet) • Economic integration and the resulting – Mobilisation of persons, services, goods and capital – Legal integration (positive and negative) Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (4) – The rise of Internet (1) • EULIS (www. eulis. eu) – Intensifying cooperation through ELRA (www. elra. eu) • E-Justice Portal (e-justice. europa. eu) – Cooperation with European notariats: www. successions-europe. eu Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (5) – The rise of Internet (2) • Access to data creates a desire to make these data productive, particularly in light of the growing mobility • More freely available general information will result in a decreasing need to obtain information from specialists Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • II. Land registration – From national to international (6) – The rise of Internet (3) • Risk: Too much information available or incapable of evaluating specific needs • Specialists (notaries, solicitors and land registrars) are still necessary, not because of a specific formal role, but because of their expert knowledge and experience Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • III. Economic integration (1) – EU, EEA and EFTA – The “economic constitution” of the EU • Classical liberal freedoms (contract, property, profession and education, business type) • The “four freedoms” of the internal market: persons, services, goods and capital Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • III. Economic integration (2) – Freedom of establishment results in freedom of services and capital – The existence of the Euro-zone reinforces this process – European economic integration: an autonomous process? Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • III. Economic integration (3) – Freedom to provide services • Who is a service provider? – Notaries – Solicitors – Land registrars Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • III. Economic integration (4) – Freedom of capital • Role of capital providers (especially banks) • Euro-mortgage (eurobonds? ) Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • IV. The EU legal map (1) – Major legal traditions • Continental law (various subtraditions) • Common law • Mixed legal systems – Conveyancing experts • Notaries, solicitors, land registrars Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • IV. The EU legal map (2) – Although legal diversity exists, still a common framework: • Leading principles and ground rules • Coveyancing experts act in the interest of parties and the general public (preserving the correctness of the land registry) Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • IV. The EU legal map (3) – (Draft) Common Frame of Reference (now: Draft EU Sales Law) – EU mortgage law – EU private international law (sales law, matrimonial property, succession) – Full faith and credit of deeds? Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (1) – Purpose: promote cross border transfer of land cross border creation of mortgages – Developing protocols, checklists, multilingual deeds, standard clauses; promoting secure electronic deeds traffic – Perhaps: add databases with relevant local information? Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (2) – Project is of a technical nature and is not aimed at changing national law or the role of conveyancing experts, but intends to • Make the available information accessible and usable for cross-border transfers • Is the result of the combined impact of IT and economic integration Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (3) – Deed must be valid in all relevant jurisdictions – Taking into account differences in • Transfer systems (consensual/”traditio”, causal/abstract) • Land registration sytems Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (4): – Different laws may apply to the conveyancing process (a) • Sale – Choice of law (Rome I) – Culpa in contrahendo (Rome II) – Jurisdiction and enforcement (Brussels I) Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (5) – Different laws may apply to the conveyancing process (b) • Transfer/Mortgage: – Lex rei sitae – Culpa in contrahendo – Jurisdiction and enforcement Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (6) – Different laws may apply to the conveyancing process (c) • Lex rei sitae as “loi d’application universelle”? • Does the lex rei sitae discard the freedom of parties to choose the applicable law? • Does the lex rei sitae thus violate EU law? Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • V. CROBECO (7) – Different laws may apply to the transfer process (d) • Role of conveyancing experts • Responsibility (deontology) • Liability regimes Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
Different Perspectives • VI. Concluding remarks – Information technology and economic integration result in a changing view on the role of conveyancing experts – Formal roles become less important: Relevant are knowledge and experience – Continuing cooperation between the various conceyancing experts is therefore a conditio sine qua non in the interests of parties and the public at large – Knowledge of national law is still of enormous importance, but also a basic understanding of EU law, p. i. l. and of (neighbouring) legal systems Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid / Faculty of Law
- Slides: 23