Crisispreparedness of the people of TAROGONG GARUT A

“Crisis-preparedness of the people” of TAROGONG -GARUT, A SMALL TOWN ON THE FOOT OF GUNTUR VOLCANO, WEST JAVA-INDONESIA BY : MAS ATJE PURBAWINATA AND A. DJUMARMA WIRAKUSUMAH DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION DVGMH DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES (DGGMR) MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES (MEMR) OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA PRESENTED IN UN-EARLY WARNING CONFERENCE II BONN, GERMANY, OCTOBER, 15 -18, 2003

DISTRIBUTION MAP OF INDONESIAN VOLCANOES DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

I. INTRODUCTION Almost 156 years since 1847 until now, Guntur volcano, West Java, Indonesia, has been in a quite state. It is the most active volcano in Java after Merapi and Semeru not until 1847. The last two volcanoes are still very active until now. Guntur volcano lies on the edge SE of a NW-SE lineation of Gandapura-Masigit. Paruhpuyan-Kabuyutan-Guntur volcanic centers. It’s crater plugged with a volcanic neck of basaltic composition. The most recent eruption in 1847 produced tholeiitic basaltic lava flow reaching the Cipanas village of Tarogong town, 4 km SE of the crater. In its historic eruption times, Guntur volcano resulted volcanic collapses, series of pyroclastic flows, ash falls, and effusive lava flows. Differentiation of magmatic composition below Guntur volcano may be changed with the time. With such a danger of eruption and along time of quite state, it is obvious that Tarogong town would be immediately threatened by the incoming eruption in the future. For generations, people of Tarogong lacked of eruption experiences. Crisispreparedness among the people and local government seems to be minimum. It could be a bizarre situation for them whenever the eruption occurred. Properly mitigation efforts and disaster management strategy could minimize the hazard of the incoming eruption.

GUNTUR VOLCANO OTHER NAME : GEDE VOLCANO “GUNUNG GEDE” CRATER VOLCANO TYPE HEIGHT OBSERVATORY : : THE NEAREST PLACE : TAROGONG TOWN 5 KM SE OF THE CRATER WITH POPULATION 50, 000 GUNTUR CRATER STRATO VOLCANO 2249 M A. S. L SIRNAJAYA VILLAGE TAROGONG DISTRICT DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

LOCATION MAP OF GUNTUR VOLCANO GUNTUR TAROGONG TOWN GARUT CITY PAPANDAYAN CIKURAY DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

VIEW OF GUNTUR VOLCANO WITH 1847 LAVA FLOW DOWN 4 KM TO THE SOUTH FLANK

II. VOLCANIC ACTIVITY OF GUNTUR VOLCANO HISTORICAL RECORDS SINCE 1690 : q LAVA FLOWS FROM CENTRAL CRATER q ASH FALL, REACHED JAKARTA, SUKABUMI, CIANJUR, BOGOR CITIES, 240 KM, NW, AND W OF THE GUNTUR CRATER q FELT SHOCKS PRIOR TO THE ASH ERUPTIONS, GAS EMMISIONS, AND PYROCLASTIC FLOWS. ERUPTION SOUNDS WERE VERY LOUD q ASH AND GLOWING ASH COLLUMN FOLLOWED BY GLOWING VOLCANIC BOBMS REACHED TAROGONG 5 KM SE ( 10 CM) AND GARUT CITY 9 KM SE ( 6 CM) q GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES SHOWED THE EXISTENCES OF DEBRIS AVALANCHES DEPOSITS q PERIOD OF ACTIVITIES BETWEEN 1 -38 YEARS IN BETWEEN 1690 -1847, AND THE QUIESCENT STATE OF 156 YEARS SINCE THEN. DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

III. SMALL TOWN OF TAROGONG q POPULATION : 25, 000 q LOCATED ONLY 5 KM SE OF THE GUNTUR CRATER q THE NEAREST CIPANAS VILLAGE WAS REACHED BY 1847 LAVA FLOW. q CIPANAS VILLAGE IS A TOURIS RESORT WITH : HOT SPRINGS, HOT WATER POOLS, PLENTY OF HOTELS, q TAROGONG TOWN IS ALSO WELL KNOWN AS: A FRESH WATER FISH CENTER FOR WEST JAVA, AGRICULTURE, AND VEGETABLES PLANTATION AREAS q RESETTLEMENTS OF POPULATION ARE GROWING FAST TOWARD THE FLANK OF GUNTUR VOLCANO FOR THE LAST 5 YEARS DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

SMALL CITY OF TAROGONG, IN THE BACKGROUND, WITH 25, 000 POPULATION, 5 KM S OF GUNTUR CRATER

IV. MITIGATION EFFORTS BY DVGHM v GUNTUR VOLCANO OBSERVATORY HAS BEEN SET UP FOR MONITORING OF 3 VOLCANOES : GUNTUR, GUPAGAL VOLCANIC PAPANDAYAN, AND MONITORING REGIONAL GALUNGGUNG CENTER IN WEST JAVA v TELEMTRED SEISMOGRAPHS, ON GUNTUR : 5 STATIONS ON PAPANDAYAN : 1 STATION ON GALUNGGUNG : 2 STATIONS SINCE 1990 IN COOPERATION WITH THE SVO, DPRI KYOTO UNIVJAPAN v TELEMETRED WATER TUBE TILTMETER ON GUNTUR v EDM, TEMPERATURE, AND GPS MEASUREMENTS AND VOLCANIC GAS CHEMICAL MONITORING PERIODICALLY v PUBLISHED GUNTUR GEOLOGICAL MAP v PUBLISHED GUNTUR VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP v DATA AND INFORMATION FOR LEVELLING OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY (4 LEVELS) v DISSEMINATION OF VOLCANIC INFORMATIONS TO THE PEOPLE SURROUNDING

MONITORING ROOM IN GUNTUR VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

GUNTUR VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

V. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION FOR INCREASING OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY VOLCANO OBSERVATORY POST THE NEAREST AIRPORT & STAKEHOLDERS HEAD OF SECTION HEAD OF DIVISION REGENCY (SATLAK) DIRECTOR OF VGHM GOVERNOR (SATKORLAK) DGGMR BAKORNAS PBP EXPLANATION : LEVEL I (NORMAL) LEVEL II/III LEVEL IV INTL’ AIRPORT METEO. OFFICE DIRECT. OF AVIATION SAFETY COMMUNITY AROUND THE VOLCANO

VI. CRISIS-PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT OF TAROGONG TOWN COMMUNITY: § TASK FORCES FOR EMERGENCIES (“SATLAK” FOR REGENCY LEVEL AND “SATGAS” FOR DISTRICT LEVEL) HAVE BEEN SET UP § BARRACKS FOR EVACUATION HAVE NOT BEEN AVAILABLE § EVACUATION TRACKS & SIGNS HAVE NOT BEEN PREPARED § FOR MORE THAN 150 YEARS (MORE OR LESS 4 GENERATIONS) THE PEOPLE OF TAROGONG TOWN HAVE NEVER BEEN EXPERIENCED WITH THE GUNTUR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS § THE PAPANDAYAN 2002 ERUPTION AND THE 2003 KADUNGORA LANDSLIDE EVENTS HAVE STARTED THE PEOPLE OF GARUT REGENCY, PRIVATE SECTORS, AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO REALIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLCANIC HAZARD ASSESMENT TO DEVELOP THE EFFECTIVE HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGIES RELATED TO THE PLANNING, RESPONSE, RECOVERY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC FOR ALL COMMUNITIES. DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761

VII. DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY : q THE DVGHM IS CONTINUING ITS EFFORTS TO MONITOR AND TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE PEOPLE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF TAROGONG TOWN, INCLUDING EN-ROUTING FOR THE EVACUATION q GUNTUR VOLCANO OBSERVATORY IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC IN THE RESPONS OF ANY INQUARY ABOUT THE GUNTUR VOLCANO ACTIVITY. q VOLCANIC INFORMATIONS FOR EVERY TWO WEEKS HAVE BEEN EMANATING FOR THE PEOPLE SURROUNDING AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT. q EDUCATE THE PEOPLE THROUGH FACE TO FACE MEETING WITHIN THE VILLAGES OF TAROGONG TOWN. q VOLCANIC HAZARD MAPS HAVE BEEN DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE OF TAROGONG DIRECTORATE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGYCAL HAZARD MITIGATION JL. DIPONEGORO 57 BANDUNG, INDONESIA 40122 TEL : (62 -22) 727 2606, 727 4012 FAX : (62 -22) 720 2761