Crime urban sociology Types of crime Crimes against

Crime urban sociology

Types of crime Ø Crimes against persons Ø Crimes against habitation Ø Crimes against property Ø Crimes against morality Ø Modern crimes Ø Consensual crimes

Crimes against persons • Homicide: the killing of one human being by another • Hate crimes: can be defined as an offense motivated by hatred against a victim because of her race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, handicap, etc • Rape: unlawful sexual intercourse without her consent with the intent to rape

Crimes against habitation • Burglary: which is the breaking and entering of dwelling house of another in the nightmare with the intent to commit a felony therein • Arson: the malicious burning of a dwelling house of another.

Crimes against property • Larceny: taking and carrying away the personal property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property • Robbery: same elements as larceny but adds that the taking of property must be in the presence of the victim by the means of either violence or intimidation or both • Embezzlement: fraudulent conversion of the property of another by one who is already in lawful possession thereof with the intent to defraud the victim

Crimes against morality • These crimes were not originally tried in the common-law courts; instead they were ecclesiastical crimes; tried and punished by the church of England • INCLUDES: -Bigamy: marrying another person while ones spouse is still living -Incest: two people either marry or have sexual relationship when they are so closely related.

Modern crimes • The most frequent modern crimes include 1. computer crime(cyber crime) 2. identity theft 3. stalking

Consensual crimes • Also known as victimless crimes, because it is an act that all involved parties choose to be involved. • These crimes include gambling, drug use, and prostitution. • However, some people argue that these crimes are not victimless crimes, because social norms are violated.

Crimes in India Ø Domestic violence The incidents of domestic violence are higher among the lower socio-economic Classes. There are various instances of an inebriated husband beating up the wife often leading to severe injuries. Domestic violence is also seen in the form of physical abuse. The protection of women from domestic violence act, 2005 came into force on 26 th October 2006.

Female infanticide is still prevalent in some rural areas. The abuse of the dowry tradition has been one of the main reasons for female infanticide in India.

Child marriage has been traditionally prevalent in India and continues to this day young girls live with their parents, until they reach puberty. in the past, the child widows were condemned to a life of greater agony, shaving heads, living in isolation, etc. although the child marriage was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common practice. According to UNICEF’s “state of the worlds children -2009” report, 47% of India's women aged 20 -24 were married before the legal age of 18, with 56% in rural areas. The report also shoes that 40% of the world’s child marriage occur in India.

Dowry In 1961, the government of India passed the dowry prohibition act, making the dowry demands in wedding arrangements illegal, however, many cases of dowryrelated domestic violence , suicides and murders have been reported. in the 1980’s numerous such cases were reported. however, recent reports show that the number of these crimes have been reduced drastically.

Sexual harassment Half of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990 related to molestation and harassment at the workplace. Eve teasing a euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the influence of “WESTERN CULTURE”.

Rape in India has been described as one of India's most common crimes against women. Official sources show that rape cases in India has been doubled between 1990 and 2008. a rape is reported in every 21 minutes in India

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