Crime Scene Photography Crime Scene Photography Testimonial evidence

Crime Scene Photography

Crime Scene Photography Testimonial evidence is faulty. n Admissions of guilt are not iron clad. n Jurors are influenced by what they can see and experience in the courtroom. n Photographs of the crime scene and evidence is a powerful tool in bringing the jury to the crime scene. n

Getting the Evidence into Court In order to be effective your evidence must be admitted into court evidence. n The following guidelines must be followed. n 1. 2. 3. 4. Do not disturb the scene Get a complete set of pictures Pay attention to camera angles Record all data

Rule #1 Do NOT Disturb the Scene This is the cardinal rule of crime scene photography n Both later investigators and jurors need to see the scene as it was when the police arrived n Leave scales and labels out of your first series of pictures n After the scene has been photographed in its original state, you may shoot a second series of pictures with minor changes. n

Rule #2 Complete Set of Pictures You must move around the scene to see everything - So must the camera n Generally speaking, each important object in the scene should appear in at least THREE pictures n The overview should cover the entire scene to bring out the relationships between the objects. The mid range shot shows an important object and its immediate surroundings. Finally, each close-up shows a key detail clearly (at 90° angles) n

Rule #3 Pay Attention to Angles n n n Relationships of size and distance may be distorted by the wrong viewpoint Shoot most pictures with the camera at eye level. This is the height from which people normally see things and that makes it easier to judge perspective. Ask yourself questions such as: n n n Does this picture reveal the true position of the witness to the crime? Does the picture distort what I am shooting? Am I shooting from the perspective of an observer.

Rule #4 Record all Data n Write the details of each shot Photo log needs to accompany the images n For each image: n n Photographer n Date of image n Location of image (NW corner of room) n File name of digital image n Type of photo (overview, midrange, close up) n Description of image n Importance of image/object (why is it relevant? )

Lighting- The Critical Element Lighting is critical in photography n The direction from which the light comes determines where shadows fall n Sometimes these shadows completely obscure details in the picture n On the other hand, shadows may reveal details which would otherwise be invisible n There are 3 types of natural light; back, side, and front lighting n

Back Lighting The light source is behind the object n A light directly behind the subject creates a silhouette n Furthermore, any light shining directly into the lens can cause a “flare” and/or a “halo” effect. n This has little value in crime scene photography n

Side Lighting Side lighting puts shadows on the unlit side of the subject n This may be very good or very bad, depending on the situation n These shadows are often essential to bring out the fine texture that is found in a cloth sample, a footprint or a tool mark n On the other hand, when you shoot into a subject, the shadows obscure important interior details n

Front Lighting The light source is behind you and the object being photographed n This is essentially shadow less. It, therefore, gives the best representation of most crime scenes n When you do not have a specific need for shadows in a scene, you will normally be wise to light it from the front n

Not Enough Light? Exposure times can be altered to brighten photographs n Longer exposure times required a tripod and no movement of the camera n Alternate light sources n Ultraviolet n Infrared n fluorescent n

What to study: n n What goes into a sketch? 11 things n Scale, compass, color, legend/key, artist name, assisting investigators, suspected crime, location, date, case number, used ruler to draw. What accompanies each photo for the log? 7 items n Name of photographer n Date of image n Location of image (i. e. NW corner or room) n Filename of digital image n Photo type (overview, midrange, closeup) n Description of image (what am I looking at? ) n Importance of image/object (why is this a relevant thing to photograph? )