CRESCO Centro computazionale di Ric Erca sui Sistemi

CRESCO: Centro computazionale di Ric. Erca sui Sistemi COmplessi Where the World Stands on Supercomputing Prof. Jack Dongarra University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1

Powerful Beyond Imagination n Suppose you had a problem that was 100 meters long and the faster you could go from start to finish the faster you could: q q q n Divert the outbreak of a deadly plague, or Find ways to combat global warming, or Build a lighter, faster aircraft Imagine that when you crossed the finish line you would understand a complex biological process so well that you would be able to q q Cure a disease or Extend live itself 2

Today … n n n Corporations, universities and governments from around the world are lining up for the race of the century. It’s a race to solve some of the most complex problems anyone has ever considered. Being first across the finish line not only determines who gets rich and who doesn’t, but perhaps who lives and who dies. 3

The Third Pillar of 21 st Century Science n Three pillars q n theory, experiment and computing Supercomputers enables us to q q Investigate phenomena where economics or constraints preclude experimentation Evaluate complex models and manage massive data volumes Model processes across interdisciplinary boundaries Transform business and engineering practices 4

Supercomputing Drives Business Competitiveness n n Reducing design costs through virtual prototyping Reducing physical tests for faster time to market Image courtesy of Pratt & Whitney 5

Supercomputing Drives Business Competitiveness n n Complex aerodynamic components for its car designed with the aid of a Supercomputer Using computational fluid dynamics computations to simulate airflow around parts to aid downforce and aerodynamics and to improve the efficiency of engine and brake cooling. 6

Weather and Economic Loss n n n U. S. economy $13 Trillion q 40% can be adversely affected by weather and climate $1 M in loss to evacuate each mile of coastline q We now over warn by 3 X! q Average over warning is 200 miles, or $200 M per event Improved forecasts q Lives saved and reduced cost Source: Kelvin Droegemeier, Oklahoma 7

Changing Competitive Environment n Companies are facing serious global n n competitive challenges than in the past Industry can no longer compete on traditional cost and quality terms The ability to create new value and innovate will determine competitive advantage Supercomputing is a key ingredient in one’s innovation capacity, productivity, growth and ultimately, our standard of living. 8

H. Meuer, H. Simon, E. Strohmaier, & JD Rate - Listing of the 500 most powerful Computers in the World - Yardstick: Rmax from LINPACK MPP TPP performance Ax=b, dense problem - Updated twice a year Size SC‘xy in the States in November Meeting in Germany in June - All data available from www. top 500. org 07 9

Top 500 Systems November 2007 478 Tflop/s Rmax (Tflop/s) 7 systems > 100 Tflop/s 21 systems > 50 Tflop/s 149 systems > 10 Tflop/s ENEA #180 9. 3 Tflop/s 5. 9 Tflop/s 10

Supercomputer Performance Development 6 -8 years My Laptop 11

Where the 500 Most Powerful Computers Are Distributed 12

Industrial Use of Supercomputers n Of the 500 Fastest Supercomputer q Worldwide, Industrial Use is about 50% n n n n n n n Aerospace Automotive Biology CFD Database Defense Digital Content Creation Digital Media Electronics Energy Environment Finance Gaming Geophysics Image Proc. /Rendering Information Processing Service Information Service Life Science Media Medicine Pharmaceutics Research Retail Semiconductor Telecomm Weather and Climate Research Weather Forecasting 13

Italian Computers in the Top 500 (November 2007) Rank Site Manuf Year Procs 48 CINECA IBM 2007 5120 71 CINECA IBM 2007 10240 180 ENEA IBM 2007 2560 247 Energy Company IBM 2007 2048 248 Energy Company IBM 2007 2048 264 CINCEA HP 2006 1024 14

Performance Development & Projections

Performance Development & Projections 1 Gflop/s O(1) Thread 1 Tflop/s O(103) Threads 1 Pflop/s 1 Eflop/s O(106)Threads O(109) Threads

Special Purpose “SETI / Google” n n Clusters Highly Parallel Each strikes a different balance q n “Grids” Tightly Coupled Loosely Coupled The Supercomputing Continuum computation/communication coupling Applications for diverse needs More than just providing faster solutions, more complex, larger, superior accuracy in what we are studying. 17

Supercomputing Powerful Beyond Imagination Supercomputers are indispensable for solving complex problems in every sector, from traditional science and engineering to business. From the design the cars we drive and the aircraft we fly in, to find and help extract new energy sources, to forecast severe weather, and to discover new life-saving medicines. 18