Creativity History and You Definition What is creativity

Creativity, History and You 창의성, 역사와 당신

• Definition What is creativity? – "creativity involves the production of novel, useful products“ – 창의성은 새로운 유용한 제품의 생산 – "as the process of producing both original and worthwhile" or "characterized by originality and expressiveness and imaginative“ 생 산 과정 원본과 가치, 표현력과 상상력 • Aspects – The dominant factors are usually identified as "the four Ps" -process, product, person and place 프로세스, 제품, 사람 및 장소 • Historical Importance – Human Evolution- Hunting and Gathering (use of stones, fire), Agriculture (use of metals, settled life, domestication) – 인간의 진화 - 사냥과 수집 (돌 사용, 화재), 농업 (금속의 사용, 정착 생 활, 순화) – Ancient- concept of creativity was used in very limited senses, art as a form of discovery and not creation 창의성 발견, 창조 아님 – "the early Western conception of creativity was the Biblical story of creation given in the Genesis. "성경에 주어진 창조의 이야기

What is creativity? • Historical Importance – Judaeo- Christian tradition, creativity was the sole province of God; humans were not considered to have the ability to create something new except as an expression of God's work. 인간은 새로운 것을 창조 하는 능력을 가지고 고려 되 지 않은 – the individual was not seen as the cause of creation until the Renaissance. 르네상스까지 개인은 생성의 원인으로 간 주되지 않았다 – Modern- during the Renaissance that creativity was first seen, not as a conduit for the divine, but from the abilities of "great men“ – By the 18 th century and the Age of Enlightenment, mention of creativity (notably in art theory), linked with the concept of imagination, became more frequent 창의성 (특히 미술 이론), 상상의 개념과 연결

Historical Examination of Creativity (Case study method) 창의성의 역사적인 검사 • Look at people and times to understand creativity better • 창의력을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 사람과 시간을 보면 – What traits (특성) made creative people creative? – What environmental conditions (환경 조건) existed? – What was the process (과정) of creativity?

Creativity and Society 창의력과 사회 1. Creativity affects society (창조성은 사회에 영향을 미친다) – "Creativity is the engine that drives cultural evolution. " 창의성은 문화 발전의 원인 -M. Csikszentmihalyi in Handbook of Creativity, Robert J. Sternberg (ed. ), 1999, 320. 2. Society affects creativity (사회는 창의성에 영향을 미친다)– "There are indeed certain instances in which social/cultural realities largely determine the possibility or lack of possibility for developing creativity in a given field. " -D. H. Feldman in Handbook of Creativity, Robert J. Sternberg (ed. ), 1999, 179.

Beginnings: River Societies • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus River Valley • Yellow River Valley

Indian Creativity • Contributions – – – Social Hierarchy System Hinduism, Jainism Buddhism Astronomy Metaphysics Science and Math (theories) – Yoga and Mediation • Why were they creative? – Interactions • When did they stop being creative? – When isolated

Mesopotamian Creativity • Contributions – – – – Agriculture, Plow Cities Bronze and iron ages Wheeled vehicles Writing (Cuneiform) Mathematics (60 and 360) Astronomy and zodiac Bible and monotheism • Why were they creative? – War brought new cultures which expanded and blended • When did they stop being creative? – When the Greeks overlaid their culture.

Chinese Creativity • Contributions – – – Character writing Paper Gunpowder Compass Confucianism, Taoism • Why were they creative? – Interactions • When did they stop being creative? – When isolated

What about Korea?

Egyptian Creativity • Contributions – – – Pyramids Papyrus Hieroglyphics Calendar Art Number system • Why were they creative? – Making a nation • When did they stop being creative? – Priests took control

Greeks: Formative Period형성 기간 • Alphabet 문자 체계 • Homer 그리스의 서 사 시인 • Aesop그리스의 우화 작가 • Science – Thales, Pythagoras, Xeno, Democritus – Golden Mean • Government 정부 – Draco아테네의 정치가 – Solon아테네의 정치가

Greek Society • Minoans (Crete) • Mycenaeans (Trojan War) • Formative Period • Golden Age 황금 시대 – Humanism 인간주의 – Philosophy 철학 – Art and science 예술과 과학 • Hellenism고대 그리스의 문 화·사상 • Why were the Greeks creative? – Trade 무역 – Idea – "We can understand“ 우리가 이해할

Roman Society로마 사회 • Roman Republic • Roman Empire • Romans art and science 로마 예술과 과학 – Greece provided the blueprint그리스에는 청사진 을 제공 – Practical application 실용 적인 응용 프로그램 • Government 정치 행정 • Technology 기술 • Art 예술 • Roman Creativity – Thieves or innovators? 도 둑 이나 혁신?

Byzantium비잔티움 • Centered in Constantinople 콘스탄티노 플 중심 – Continued the Roman Empire but lost direction (only thought of preserving the past (과거를 보존), and therefore, lost creativity

Middle Ages 중세 • Creativity lost – Catastrophe 재해 (weather and plague) – Absence of rule of law법의 규칙의 부재 – Absence of leisure time 여가 시간의 부재 – Absence of learning학습의 부재 – Corruption in the Catholic church카톨릭 교회의 부패 – Minor revival (작은 리바이벌) in days of Charlemagne

Late Middle Ages 중세 후기 • Positives – Nations (국가) – Scholasticism (전통적 교리[학풍]) – Gothic (고딕[괴기] 소설) – Dante (단테 이탈리아의 시인) – Chaucer (초 서) – Discovery(새 발견) • Negatives – Great schism (분열) in Catholic church – Warfare that consumed resources 소비 자원 전쟁

Renaissance 르네상스 • • Architecture건축 Sculpture 조각 술 Painting Science • Creativity – Re-instituted Classical thinking 고아 한 생각을 다시 제정

Renaissance Painting Realism현실주의 Perspective, Background 관점, 배경 Chiascurro, Sfumato, Arrangement

Leonardo Da. Vinci

Reformation종교 개혁 • What caused the creativity? – Courage to think new thoughts and break with tradition 새로운 생각을 생각하고 전 통을 깰 수 있는 용 기

Scientific Awakening – Enlightenment 과학 각성 - 계몽 • • Bacon Newton Descartes Locke Voltaire Rousseau Creativity in thinking – New methods 새로운 방법 – New applications 새로운 응용 프 로그램

Classical 고전적인 • Music – Haydn, Mozart • Art – David • Creativity – In the rules

Romantic 낭만주의 • Music–Beethoven, Tchaikowsky, Liszt, Wagner • Art–Goya, Delacroix • Literature–Goethe, Scott, Hugo, Tolstoy, Dumas • Creativity themes창의력 테마 – Personal emotion 개인 감정 – Country나라, 국가 – Nature 자연 – Exoticism 이국 정서

Modern현대 • • • Art Music Dance Literature Creativity? – No rules 아무 규칙이 없 다 – Beyond emotion of artist 작가의 감정을 넘어 – Viewer finds meaning 의미는 뷰어에 따라 달라 집니다

Creativity Trends Throughout History 역사를 통해 창의력 동향 • War versus peace 평화 대 전쟁 • Interactions with other societies다른 사회와 의 상호 작용 • Borrow and improve빌려 및 개선 • Leisure time, safety, chaos 여가 시간, 안전, 혼돈 • Sponsorship 후원 • Rules 규칙 • Individualism 개인 주의 • Purpose 목적

Renaissance through Today • National Prominence 가 굴지 – 15 th Century—Italy – 16 th Century—Spain – 17 th Century—France – 18 th Century—England – 19 th Century—Germany – 20 th Century—America – 21 st Century—? 국

Creativity aspects: Skill, Talent, and Personality 창의성 측면: 기술, 재능, 및 성격 How to improve all three areas 모든 세 가지 영역을 개선 하는 방법

Improving Creativity Skills 창의력 능력을 향상 • Thinking better 더 나은 생각 – Linear and lateral 선형 및 측면 – Conscious and subconscious 의식과 잠재 의식

Enhancing Linear Thinking 선형 생각을 강화 • Build “Associative Barriers” 연관 장벽을 구축 – These are patterns (paradigms) that help us proceed in a specific area 특정분야로 진행하는 데 도움이 패턴 (패러다임) – These patterns give context to our thinking 패 턴은 우리의 생각에 컨텍스트를 제공합니다 • Example: My history research is done within the context of todays perspective • When I do research, I interpret results in light of my paradigm

Enhancing Linear Thinking 선형 생각을 강화 • Seek Depth 깊이를 추구 • Stay Current 최신 정보 • Understand better 이해를 돕기 • Explain difficult concepts to people outside the domain 도메인 외부의 사람 들에게 어려운 개념을 설명 • Be focused 초점이

Enhancing Lateral Thinking 측면 생각을 강화 • Break down “Associative Barriers” "연 관 장벽"을 무너 뜨리는 – Expose yourself to a range of cultures 문 화의 다양한 경험 – Learn differently 다르게 배우다 – Reverse assumptions 반대로 장악함 – Look at multiple perspective 여러 관점에 서 본다

Enhancing Lateral Thinking 측면 생각을 강화 • • Learn art 예술을 배운다 Travel extensively여행을 많이 한다 Read widely and avidly 널리 탐욕스럽게 읽기 Study outside your primary domain 도메인 외부 연구 • Practice making unusual and unexpected mental associations 독특하고 예상치 못한 정 신적 연결을 만드는 연습 • Be perceptive 지각하려고 노력 • Practice humor 유머

Be Perceptive 지각하다 • Rely on intuition, imagination and impetuousness 직관, 상상력과 기예에 의존 • Envision the consequences 결과를 상상하다 – Mozart – Michelangelo • Slow down, look at the big picture

Creativity aspects: Skill, Talent, and Personality How to improve all three areas

Brain control 두뇌 제어 • Choosing left and right as the situation dictates 상황이 지시대로 왼쪽과 오른쪽 선택 • Choosing conscious or subconscious as the situation dictates 상황이 지시로 의식 또는 무의식 선택 – Example: Napoleon › Napoleon was the only member of the French Mathematical Society that was not a working mathematician › Napoleon's brain control: "Different subjects and different affairs are arranged in my head as in a cupboard. When I wish to interrupt one train of thought, I shut that drawer and open another. Do I wish to sleep? I simply close all the drawers and there I am – asleep. " – Napoleon (http: //www. geocities. com/Area 51/2162/napmem. html)

Creativity Aspects: Skill, Talent, and Personality How to improve all three areas

Creative Personality • Confident 자신감 – Not afraid of criticism 비판의 두렵지 않음 • Hard working 열심히 일함 • Self-motivated 자기 동기 부여

"I have no special gift. I am only passionately curious. “ 나는 특별한 재능이 없다. 난 단지 열정 적으로 호기심 가지고 있다. – Einstein, quoted in Thorpe, Scott, How to Think Like Einstein, Barnes & Noble Books, Inc. , 2000, p. 115.

Be Confident Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. 결코 실수 하는 사람은 아무것도 새로운 시 도하지 못한다. --Albert Einstein

Putting it all together: Skill, Talent, and Personality • Skills – Think better • Linear – Depth and focus • Lateral – Art, travel, reading, new areas, practice new thinking, perceptive • Conscious/subconscious • Talent – Balance and choose attributes for the moment • Personality – Confident – Hard working – Self-motivated

Thank You