Creation of Wealth By DR T H CHOWDARY
Creation of Wealth By DR T. H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies Fellow: Tata Consultancy Services Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India ) Former: Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited & Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh T: +91(40) 6667 -1191(O) 2784 -3121® F: +91 (40) 6667 -1111 hanuman. chowdary@tcs. com Talk@ GNITC, Hyd: 27 Dec 2012
Wealth is of two kinds • Intellectual • Material, economic • Intellectual wealth does not diminish. The more you share, the more it grows • Material wealth has limits. We may be satiated but not satisfied. • Material/economic wealth diminishes on consumption • Intellectual wealth can’t be diminished or destroyed. eg. Germany, Japan, after the wars S 684_Dec 2012
Source of all wealth • Nature • Whatever is in the Sun is on earth- 110 elements थ अस कस परष स अहमसम • Intellect can create wealth even without natural material resources eg: Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan S 684_Dec 2012
Land & Sea • Adam Smith: Land labour & capital Unless there is a great land mass, there cannot be natural wealth- ores, coal, oil & gas, forests, rivers, mountains Russia, Canada, USA, Brazil, China, India – vast lands • Urbanisation –masses of population • Pressure on land • Density of population high to reduce commutation costs • Suburban land holders become wealthy by sale of land to Realtors! • Skyscrapers and sub terraneons (Japan & Netherlands) structures S 684_Dec 2012
Factors for wealth creation Labour - Diminishing role Electricity, motor, machines, Robots Eg: Toyota Factory near Tokyo; • 360 Robots, 60 men 1000 cars/day Intellectual “labour” Innovation, invention • Scandinavia Now China too ( to be competitive) • USA- Robotizing to bring back manufacture S 684_Dec 2012
Capital is crucial • Comes from savings • Savings in Banks • Banks lend & invest (Commercial & Investment Banks) • Public Limited company –Great invention – limited liability ; millions of investors - not dividends but capital appreciation • Stock exchanges • Regulators (RBI; SEBI) S 684_Dec 2012
Vision, entrepreneurship, risk & rewards (1) We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich can afford to burn candles. -Thomas Alva Edison (1978) Ghar Mein Radio Gaon Mein Telephone -THC (1997) Hath Mein Telephone; Gaon Mein Internet - THC S 684_Dec 2012
Vision, entrepreneurship, risk & rewards (2) • “Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration • “When Sir M. Visveswaraiah saw the Cauvery water falls at Jog ( 1920 s) he exclaimed “what a waste? ” • When Jamshetji Tata saw the waters of Roha river Roha cascading down he wondered , “All this water from the Western Ghats is wanted. We should harness it to produce hydro electric power”. S 684_Dec 2012
Wealth Creators • Risk-takers • Entrepreneurs • Failures don’t deter • Leaders- Integrators of talents • Andrew Carnegie’s Tomb-stone “Here lies buried a man who knew how to hire people better than himself” • Lee Iacocca: Chrysler Revival S 684_Dec 2012
Tatas & Wealth Creation • • • (1) Cotton Textile Mills Nagpur Swadesi Tata Steel, Sakchi becomes Jemshedpur Vivekananda Inspires Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc, Bglr) Steam locomotives for Railways Trucks Tata Hydro Tata Shipping Tomco –Coconuts (Kerala) Tata Chemicals – Sea water • Indica & Nano S 684_Dec 2012
Tatas & Wealth Creation • • Andhra valley Western Ghats Artificial Lake Air India Intelligent Grid Tata Tea TCS Taj Hotel S 684_Dec 2012 (2)
Some Modern Indian Wealth Creators • • • Birlas Mahindra Godrej KCP (1930) Andhra Sugars (Mullapudi Harischandra Prasad) Amara Raja (Galla Ramachandra Naidu) Ambanis Munjal Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Infotech…. S 684_Dec 2012
Patriot Industrialists • • • Ogale Glass works Dabur Bengal Chemicals Birlas, Dalmia’s Bajaj Verghese Kurein S 684_Dec 2012
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) • Indian Institute of Science • TISCO: Free Schools, Hospital, Insurance, Pensions • Tata Trusts • Tata Scholarships (ICS…) • All wealth (dividends) goes to various trusts • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research ( TIFR) • BARC and ISRO • Tata Institute of Social Sciences S 684_Dec 2012
Sharing as an ideal • Saha yagna praja srushtva purovacha praja pathihi Anena prasavishyadhvam eshavaha tu ishtakamadhuk. – BG 3. 10 • Devanbhavayathanena te deva bhavayanthu vah Parasparam bhavayanthaha sreya paramavapsyadaha. -BG 3. 11 • Ishtanu bhogaan hi vo deva dasyanthe yagnabhavitaha Tairdatthana pradayaibhyo yo bhunkthesthena yeva saha -BG 3. 12 • -------Bhunjathe thvagham papaye pachanthyathma karanaath. -BG 3. 13 S 684_Dec 2012
Sharing as an ideal • Eesavaasyamidam sarvam yatkincha jagatyaam jagat, • Tena tyaktema bhujithaah; • Maa grithah kasya swith-dhanam. • “Everything in the universe abides in the Supreme Being. Realise this well; realising it cast off the desires that rise in the heart, for example, the thought of possessing what is enjoyed by another. Joy comes only by the giving up of desires and attachments. • (Enjoy by renunciation of and sharing with others of what more is not needed by you; may you not accumulate; whose is this wealth? ) • -Isavaasya, Interpretation by Rajaji. • Let us all strive to live in the light of this wisdom. S 684_Dec 2012
Wealth Destroyers • Export of ores • Welfare before wealth • (NREGA, Fee Reimbursement, paavala vaddi, no vaddi, loans waivers…A. Ps profligacy; give –aways (Radios, TVs, grinders, bicycles, shoes, sanitary napkins, tablet PCs, mobile phones, Haj & Jerusalem subsidies; Urdu ghars, shadi khanas; one-Rupee /Kg ; No Rupee-Rice. • Since fiscal 2004 G. O. I spent Rs. 9. 12 tln on various subsidies • On NREGA cumulative spend Rs. 1. 66 tln • A PURA Hub requires Rs. 600 mln; upgrades 10 to 50 villages • 7000 PURA hubs @ Rs. 4, 20, 000 cr would create R-Urban areas • Gram-IT is part of it. S 684_Dec 2012
You cannot… “You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift. You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong. You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich. You cannot establish sound security on borrowed money. You cannot keep out trouble by spending more than you earn. You cannot build character and courage by taking away man’s initiative and independence. You cannot help men permanently by doing for them What they could do for themselves. ” -Abraham Lincoln (Source: Freedom First, May 1989) S 684_Dec 2012
Tainted and tattered flag of Socialism (and “secularism”) (1) • Sri Nani Palkhiwala • History will record that the greatest mistake of the Indian republic in the first 50 years of its existence was to make less investment in human resources- education, family planning, nutrition and public health- than in brick and motor dams and factories. • We have too much government and too little administration; too many laws and too little justice; too many public servants and too little public service; too many controls and too little welfare. • Indian liberalisation encounters formidable opposition from three quarters. • The top heavy bureaucracy reluctant to shed its enormous powers • Influential politicians who prefer to let socialism remain the opium of the people and of whom it can be truly said that if ignorance is bliss, they should be the happiest men alive. S 684_Dec 2012
Tainted and tattered flag of Socialism (and “secularism”) (2) – Quite a few Indian businessmen who are much interested in their own personal prosperity than in the future of the country and who preferred to flourish in the non competitive environment. – These three are the obstructionist forces…India continues to remain the only significant country in the free world to hold aloft the tainted and tattered flag of socialism. • “ We shut our eyes to the fact that socialism is to social justice, what ritual is to religion and dogma is to truth”. • Over taxation corrupted the national character overtly. The nation survived only because the tax system continued to breathe through loopholes and the economy used to breathe through window of tax evasion. S 684_Dec 2012
Socialist’s service to the poor and aam aadmi ( one example) Power bills (July 2012) of A. P Ministers Minister Galla Aruna M. Mukhesh Goud DK Aruna Danam Nagender E. Pratap Reddy Amount (Rs. ) 62, 657 25, 013 11, 021 33, 188 17, 231 N. Chandra Kiran Kumar Babu Naidu Reddy 84, 352 100, 000 • Some have 12 air conditioners in their house. Rule: 2 • MLAs ( from allover the state) have private houses in government allotted sites in Jubilee/Banjara Hills. S 684_Dec 2012
Books for Reading (1) • The Reckoning • Vitality in a Business Enterprise: -Frederick R. Kappel • Big Business & Human Values -Theodore V. Houser: Chmn sears Roebuck • The Uncommon Man - Crauford H. Greenwall, President E. Idu Pont de Nemoars & Co • Freeman & The Corporation -Roger M. Blough: Chmn United States Steel Corpn • New Frontiers for Professional Managers -Ralph J. Cardiner : President General Electric Company. S 684_Dec 2012
Books for Reading (2) • How to Win Friends & Influence people – Dale Carnegie • The Human side of Enterprises - Douglas Mcgregor • My years with General Motors – Alfred P Sloan • A Japan which can say “No” to America • Kautilya’s Artha Sastra • Are You Listening – Dr T H Chowdary • The Creation of Wealth – R M Lala (The Tatas from 19 th to the 21 st Century) • Vincent People • Peter Drucker • It Couldn’t be Done - Published by the USIS, New Delhi • Heidi & Alwyn Toffler –The Future Shock –The Third Wave –A new civilisation in the making S 684_Dec 2012
Books for Reading (3) • Shantiparva in Mahabharata • Sundara Kanda (Ramayana) – Hanuman to Sita • Gita Rahasya by Lokamanya Tilak • Bharthrihari’s Subhashitas • Sumathi & Vemana Satakas • Rama Charita Manas – Tulasi Das • Krishnavatara – KM Munshi • Women in the Bible • Life and Times of Jamshedji Tata (For the Love of India by R M Lala) • JRD Tata Letters S 684_Dec 2012
Lives of great men… Lives of great men all remind us we may make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us foot prints on the sands of time. – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow S 684_Dec 2012
Innovation & Entrepreneurship • Innovations in production processes – Avoid rejects, re-engineering, wastes • Entrepreneurship • Ideas, mentoring, incubation • Stanford – hundreds of companies incubated • Venture capital • How many succeed ? <10% in the USA • 15/20, 000 companies fold up every year in Japan. • Institutional investors put less pressure on companies dividends; not so retail investors. • Government must assist & stimulate R&D by direct support and incentives ( tax, land, interest, researchers & teachers exempt from IT in Belgium) S 684_Dec 2012
Technology & IPR for Wealth Creation S 684_Dec 2012
Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data) Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol. 4; www. iipm. thiktank. com S 684_Dec 2012
Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Ph. D Degrees in the United States, China and India Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol. 4; www. iipm. thiktank. com S 684_Dec 2012
Quality of Education (1) India China South Korea Israel 0 Jan 2006 3 , d rl o W ss e n si u B : e rc Sou Number of Research Papers Published Brazil 25, 000 No. of Papers 20, 000 15, 000 10, 000 5, 000 0 1980 Years 1990 S 684_Dec 2012 2000
Quality of Education (2) Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering China South Korea Japan Taiwan 4, 000 No. of Degrees 3, 000 2, 000 1, 000 500 0 1975 Years 1975 S 684_Dec 2012 1999 Source: Business World, 30 Jan 2006 India
Contribution to World’s Research Papers India China USA 3. 7% 10. 6% 27. 7% (Source: UNESCO SC Report 2010) S 684_Dec 2012
Patents applied and granted in the period 2004 to 2008 Country Japan USA China Korea Europe UK India Applied 391, 002 456, 321 289, 838 170, 632 146, 150 59, 819 36, 812 (Source: Forbes India, S 684_Dec 2012 Nov 5, 2010) Granted 176, 950 157, 772 93, 706 83, 523 59, 819 23, 379 18, 230
Global Patents USPTO* Triadic+ India China USA 0. 5 0. 2 4. 7 0. 5 52. 2 41. 8 (Source: UNESCO SC Report 2010) • United States Patents and Trademark Office + Triadic patents are a series of corresponding patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Japan Patent Office (JPO), for the same invention, by the same applicant or inventor. [1] Triadic patents form a special type of patent family. @ The Trilateral Patent Offices, or simply the Trilateral Offices, are the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system". [ S 684_Dec 2012
Patents • In Y 2010, China filed for 400, 000 patents; 75% were by Chinese companies; 25% by foreign companies working in China • The total number of filings in India is yet to exceed 50, 000 a year; only 19% are by Indian companies; foreign companies in India filed 81% • India’s patent office has 250 patents examiners; China has 4, 500; it would increase them to 9000 by 2015; by then India will have 1000 patent examiners (Source: Page 106, Tata Review, Dec 2011) S 684_Dec 2012
Scientific Publication India 2002 2008 18, 911 36, 261 China 38, 206 1, 04, 968 (Source : UNESCO Science Report 2010) S 684_Dec 2012
Scientific Researchers in the World India Share – 2. 2% Researchers / 1000, 000 Population India China USA Japan 137 1070 4663 5573 (Source: Every Mans Science: June-July 2011) S 684_Dec 2012
Percentage(%) of GDP Civilian R&D Expenditure (2000 -2005) Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer Source: UNDO (United Nations Development Programme) Report, 2007/2008 S 684_Dec 2012
$ US Venture Capital Investments per Capita Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer (Source: Dow Jones, Venture Source: Thomson Reuters; U. S. Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, 2007, 2008 S 684_Dec 2012 )
R&D Spending as % of GDP Country India Israel Sweden Finland Us Denmark China % 0. 9 4. 86 3. 75 3. 56 2. 82 2. 72 1. 4 (Source: Mint, 23 -03 -2012) S 684_Dec 2012
From Developing to Developed Growth of Population & GDP Nehruvian socialism GDP POP PCI time to double 3. 5 2. 8 0. 7 More than 50 Y 1. 4 4. 6 to 7. 1 (10 to 15) years P. V 6 to 8. 5 Naraishma Rao & After With one child norm since 1978 China in the last 10 years alone • Increased PCI from $800 to $4000 • Became the 4 th largest economy • World’s largest exporter@3. 2 tln in 2011 • Has the world’s largest foreign exchange reserves @ 3. 3 tln S 684_Dec 2012 (c. f India $ 295 bln)
Dhanyawad: Thank You S 684_Dec 2012
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