Creating the Culture of British North America Ch
Creating the Culture of British North America Ch. 4 1689 to 1754
Britain's Colonies: 32 colonies in N. A. The THIRTEEN: o would develop a unique "American" way of life o would fuse with a more common culture: § language § religion § values
Key Questions From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans. ● What caused this shift? ● How did it shape the “thinking” of British North Americans and the British crown? ● How did slavery continue to develop in the colonies during this time? ● What other developments contributed to this shift?
Key Answers From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans. ● The shift was caused by changing views the British and “Americans” and their relationship to the crown ● New ways of thinking about individual/natural rights and distrust in the crown ● Slavery became embedded in the culture, systematic and codified ● Changing social class systems and religious movements also contributed ● Wars
Criticism of the Colonial Government: ● The Zenger Trial: ○ 1734 -1735 ○ “Free” press ● "The truth is an absolute defense against libel"
The Glorious Revolution, 1689 ● fading of the “divine” right of the king ○ established that “the people” should decide ● created the idea of the rights of “Englishmen” ● supported by the ideas of John Locke ○ natural rights ○ government by social contract
What Impact Did the Glorious Revolution Have in the American Colonies? ● The Dominion of New England was “disbanded” ○ allowed to separate ● Uprisings ○ New York ○ Maryland ● New religious freedoms and new persecutions ● New social order: ○ colonial elite, military authority
Establishing Social Stability ● Post Bacon’s Rebellion: ○ elite concluded that there must be stratification: ■ landowning elite ■ landowning ■ non-landowning whites ■ indentured servants ■ African slaves ● African slave population increased as indentures decreased ● establishment of slave codes
Africans Became African Americans
Infamous Triangular Trade
The Slave Trade: Origins
The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage
The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage
The Slave Trade: Seasoning
The Slave Trade: Seasoning
The Slave Trade: The Sale
Slavery Changed Over Time ●traced from your mother o generational o race based ●became a Southern socio-economic institution o separated lower class whites from slaves ●based in the agricultural economy o driven by profit
Fear Was A Dominant Motive Fear Of ● Witchcraft o Salem, 1692 -1693 ● Slave uprisings o Stono, 1739 o New York, 1741 ● Indian Raids, ongoing ● Resulted in a need to “control” o women o African (Americans)
The Colonial Economy ● Rich ports o including Caribbean trade ● Mercantilism dominated o raw materials shipped to England o finished goods shipped to the colonies o English Ships Only § (Navigation Acts 1660) o forbid trade with France, Holland Spain § frustrated the colonists ● resorted to “black market” trade ● Inter-colonial trade o including ideas - unifying
Religious Decline Late 1600 s to 1700 s ●Anglican church was government supported “official” church ●Loss of Puritan “zeal” ●Anti-Catholic, Anti-Jewish
The Great Awakening: The Revival ●rebirth o Jonathon Edwards o preached the concept of "grace" with emotion ●new vs. old lights o removed the concept of the "elect" ●encouraged denominational competition o 1 st mass movement of Americans ●influenced higher education
Religious Revival: The Great Awakening
World Conflicts Localized Struggle for: ● control of Europe ● control of the seas ● trading rights in the colonies ● Anglo-French Colonial Wars: 1739 -1748 o King William's War o Queen Anne's War of Jenkins' Ear o King George's War ● Sets a tone for colonists
HOW WILL THE COLONIES RESPOND? ALBANY CONGRESS
THE ALBANY CONGRESS: 1754 ● Organized by the British ● Unified the colonists ● Appeased the Native Americans o allied with the Iroquois Nation (bribery)
Albany Congress - 1754 ● Established Benjamin Franklin as a colonial political leader ● Proposed: § General President § Council appointed by the colonial assemblies § Franklin's plan was not ratified § Crown ordered colony to meet and form a militia
The Most American
Conclusions 1607 -1754: An era of transition ●Rise of English Parliament establishes “the people’s” role ●Enlightenment and “Great Awakening” changed thinking ●Creation of the “institution” of American slavery ●American economy creates “elite” and “middle” class ●European wars unified British colonies
- Slides: 28