Creating Russia Slavs Vikings Rurik builds cities like

Creating Russia

Slavs & Vikings Rurik- builds cities like Kiev Vladimir I- 989 CE Christianity or Islam?

Mongols Invade Batu Khan Rule for over 200 years Created tributes to Tatar State Low on $, cannot build

Ivan The Great Ivan III 1480 CE Refused to pay tributes Created the Kremlin, filled cities with churches

Ivan The Terrible Ivan IV 1533 CE Began conquest & Colonialization of Siberia “Reign of Terror” First Czar (Supreme Ruler)

Romanov Dynasty 1613 CE Rule for 304 years 1698 CE- Peter the Great Western Society- cut beards of nobles Revolutionary Ideas -stronger military, expanded territory, developed trade with Western Europe New Capital created St. Petersburg “A window into the West” 1760 CE- Catherine the Great Continued Peter’s reforms

Napoleon Invades 1812 CE- Russian Winter

Czar Alexander II The Alexander's Freed serfs in 1861, no education, moved to cities Russification- made people convert, follow eastern orthodox Christianity, speech, persecutions 1891 Czar Alexander III Expansion into Siberia Construction of Trans-Siberian RR Completed 1916

Pre- Russian Revolution Only true autocracy left in Europe No type of representative political institutions Nicholas II -Tsar in 1884 Divine Right Backlash of poverty and Russification Revolution broke out in 1905

Russian Revolution Socialism- Belief of greater economic equality in society Discontented working class Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow Poor peasants No individual land ownership

Russian Revolution Cont. Russia industrialized On backs of the peasants Military mutinies, social unrest, strikes 1905 Revolution: Middle Class Duma October Manifesto Fundamental Law

Karl Marx Communism Advocated public ownership of all land Classless Society Equal sharing of wealth

Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne Husband a weak man Committed more autocracy than her husband Pogroms, politicians murdered Rasputin- Man behind Alexandra Healer, Alexandra’s right hand

Strikes WWI Corrupt military leadership and contempt for ordinary Russian people Average peasant has very little invested in the War

WWI Cont. Poorly supplied troops Result: Chaos and Disintegration of the Russian Army Spreading Discontent

WWI Cont Nicholas leaves for the Front— September, 1915 Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos accused of treason

March Revolution Food Riots and Strikes Duma become provisional gov’t March 17 th Czar abdicated All for Soviets

Vladimir Lenin Founder of Bolshevism (Communist party) Exiled to Siberia, moved to London Once Provisional gov’t failed, swept in and took over “Peace, Land, and Bread” “All Power to the Soviets”

November Revolution: Red Army vs. White Army Political Police organized: CHEKA Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge -- “Red Army” Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March of 1918 Fought against “White Army” the old guard

Bolsheviks Win 1922 - creating Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR Regain Land Death of Lenin 1924 - 3 strokes

Beginning of Stalin and Superpower Creation of industrial giant Controlled farms and factories Millions killed, starved WWII- created world power Cold War- Nuclear weapons, propaganda, aid to countries

Fall of Soviet Union Workers Wages, spoils of leaders Gorbachev- changes for the better 1989 Satellites overthrown 1991 Independence of all countries Market Economy Outdated Factories, Agriculture Vladimir Putin