CRCT Review Earth Science 7 2008 Chapter 9

CRCT Review Earth Science 7 2008

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 1. A student models a volcanic eruption by using a syringe to inject blue colored water through a dome shaped gelatin mold. What is one of this model’s most significant limitations? A Gelatin is clear, whereas actual volcanoes are opaque. B Gelatin does not accurately simulate the materials of which actual volcanoes are made. C Actual volcanoes have red lava, not blue. D Actual volcanoes erupt with more force than a syringe.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 2. When a volcanic explosion fills the atmosphere with a large amount of volcanic ash, which of the following is a likely result? A The average global temperature will decrease. B The average duration of a day will become shorter. C Ocean tide levels will be affected. D Only the area near the volcano will be affected.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation Use the illustration to answer question 3. 3. What is the term for the area to which the arrow is pointing? A lava B crater C vent D magma chamber

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 4. Which of the following situations represents the greatest amount of potential energy? A A large bolder is blown into the air by an explosive eruption. B Low viscosity lava flows quickly downhill. C A huge boulder is perched atop a cliff and is on the verge of falling 1000 m to the ground below. D A tree that was blown over by a powerful eruption lies flat on the ground.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 5. A model of a volcano that uses vinegar and baking soda is limited because A the eruption is unpredictable. B baking soda is white, while lava is red. C real volcanoes are much larger than the model. D most volcanoes are extinct.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 6. In which of the following situations would there be the greatest amount of kinetic energy? A just prior to eruption, when incredible pressure has built up inside a volcano B during an explosive eruption in which pyroclastic material is blown high into the atmosphere C just after an explosive eruption, when most of the debris has settled back to the ground. D long after a shield volcano has moved from a “hot spot”

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation Use the table to answer question 7. According to the data collected above, which type of magma is least likely to cause an explosive eruption? A felsic magma C mafic B intermediate magma D ultramafic

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 8. One of the active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii is named Kilauea. If Kilauea is a shield volcano, which of the following is a valid conclusion? A Kilauea formed from repeated eruptions of low viscosity lava that have spread over a wide area. B Kilauea formed from repeated moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material. C Kilauea is primarily made up of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material. D Kilauea has formed a cinder cone through repeated eruptions of high viscosity lava.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 9. A large volcanic eruption covers nearby farmland in several meters of ash. Which is a true statement about the ash in the immediate future? A The ash will be an effective plant fertilizer and will result in record crop yields. B The ash will smother the crops, possibly leading to food shortages in the immediate area. C The ash will be a nuisance, but it can easily be removed from the area. D The ash may cause thunderstorms.

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 10. Georgia has no volcanoes. Yet, Georgia’s climate can still be affected by volcanoes. How?

Chapter 9 CRCT Preparation 11. How does magma form at a convergent boundary?

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 12. Water chemically breaks down rock because A water expands when it freezes. B acids in the water react with chemicals in the rock. C materials dissolved in the water are deposited. D water is not affected by wind.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 13. The component of soil that is made up of organic material is called A abrasion. B humus. C bedrock. D leaching.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 14. Which of the following areas would experience the most weathering? A an area with high winds, significant rain, hot summers, and freezing winters B an area with heavy rains, constant temperatures, and gentle winds C an area with constant heat, minimal rain, and high winds D all areas are subject to the same amounts of weathering

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 15. The dissolving of rock by acids that occur naturally in water A is known as acid precipitation. B is known as oxidation. C is known as chemical weathering. D causes most of the mechanical weathering of rocks.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 16. Which of the following statements describes how a rock changes after it is in a riverbed for a long time? A The rock rapidly breaks into smaller pieces. B Chunks of the rock break off, and the rock becomes rougher. C The edges of the rock are worn away, so its surface becomes smoother. D The rock absorbs water from the riverbed and becomes softer.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation Use the picture to answer question 17. The picture shows the process of mechanical weathering that can cause cracks in rocks in Georgia’s northern mountains to widen. What is this process called ? A abrasion B dissolution C ice wedging D oxidation

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 18. Why does air chemically weather rock? A The air molecules are abrasive. B Air fills cracks in the rock and later expands, causing the cracks to enlarge. C The oxygen in the air combines with elements in the rock in a process called oxidation. D The rock wears away after wind blows sand against the rock.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 19. Which of the following is an everyday example of a chemical phenomenon? A Fast moving river water rushes over rocks. B Organic acids produced by lichens break down rock. C Rocks tumble down a mountain during a rockslide. D Ice forms in a crack in a rock and makes the crack larger.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 20. Which human activities can help prevent soil erosion? A planting cover crops and employing contour plowing methods B strip mining and deforestation C building cities and highways D growing crops and burning fossil fuels

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 21. Naomi made the pie graph during a laboratory experiment in which she analyzed the composition of loam found in Georgia. Based on this chart, which of the following is a valid conclusion? A Approximately 95% of the material that makes up loam is useless to plants. B Decayed organic matter is the least abundant component of loam. C Only about 9% of loam’s composition is useful to plants. D Only about 16% of loam’s composition is useful to plants.

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 22. The soil of the Southern Piedmont areas of Georgia is thin and low in nutrients. Much of this terrain was cleared at one time for lumber, fuel, and agricultural land. This led to negative environmental impacts. Why might farmers move from one plot of this land to another, and how might this movement increase the negative environmental impact?

Chapter 10 CRCT Preparation 23. Why is the soil of tropical rain forests thin and nutrient -poor?

Chapter 11 CRCT Preparation 24. In the water cycle, the sun’s energy causes A evaporation. B condensation. C precipitation. D percolation.

Chapter 11 CRCT Preparation 25. Which one of the following landforms results from river and stream erosion? A mountains B glaciers C river channels D aquifers