Craziness with Clauses What is the difference between
Craziness with Clauses!!
What is the difference between a phrase & a clause? ? • Clause: a group of words that includes a subject or a verb • Phrase: a group of words that is missing either a subject or a verb
What is a clause? • Used as a sentence or as part of a sentence • Independent: expresses a complete thought • Dependent: does not express a complete thought
For example…. • Lichens are plants (independent clause) S HV AV • That are composed of fungi & algae (dependent clause)
Adjective Clause • Very similar to an adjective prepositional phrase! • A dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun • Usually begins with a relative pronoun (that, which, whom, whose)
For example…. • Ferdinand Magellan, who was the commander of the first expedition around the world, was killed before the end of the journey. (modifies Magellan) • The treasure that they are searching for belonged to the Aztec emperor Montezuma. (modifies treasure)
Noun Clause • A dependent clause that is used as a noun • Common words to signal noun clauses: how, that, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whoever, whose, why
For example…. • Do you remember who painted Washington crossing the Delaware? • Cassi said that she would be late. • You should have a kind word for whoever you meet.
Try it out! *Identify the dependent clauses in each sentence as adjective or noun clauses. If they are adjective—circle what they modify • The oldest sequoia trees are only 2, 200 years old, according to those who know. • Whoever respects strength has to admire the wrestling team. • Like all members of this family, the bristlecone pine has needle clusters that resemble a fox’s tail. • Judge by what you can see in the photo.
Adverb Clause • A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb. Tells how, when, where, why, to what extent • For example: The pitcher felt as though all eyes were on him. • The water in the lake was much colder than we had expected
It’s all a matter of where it is in the sentence! • The day when we got our puppy was a Friday. • Does Jimmy remember when we got our puppy? • Our older dog sulked a little when we got our puppy.
Subordinating Conjunctions • Adverb clauses are introduced by a subordinating conjunction • After, although, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, once, so that, since, than, though, unless, until, whenever, where, while
Try it out! *Identify the adverb clause and circle what word it modifies* • When our school has a fire drill, everyone must go outside, • As soon as you’re ready, we’ll leave. • You can set the table while I prepare the salad. • You understand the situation much better than I. • She walked until she was too tired to stand.
Elliptical Clause • Part of a clause may be left out when its meaning can be clearly understood from the context of the sentence • Most are adverb clauses • Ex: Leilana finished her research sooner than Marta did. • Ex: Martine asked her more questions than I asked her.
Try it out! Identify the elliptical clauses in the sentence and supply the left out words • You understand the situation much better than I. • I asked her more questions than me.
Identify the following in italics as a adjective, noun or adverb clause. If needed, circle the modifiers • Because he was late so often, he bought a watch. • You can pick whoever you like. • The teacher would like us to prepare the slides. • They finally found my briefcase, which had been missing for two weeks. • Please indicate the people to whom we should go to for help.
Clauses *Fill in the type of clause(s) asked for in each sentence. Be sure to include a subject and a verb for each clause. 1. (adverb clause), she will feel stronger (adverb). 2. The car (adjective) will arrive next week. 3. (Noun) is a generous person 4. The librarian found (noun). 5. (Adverb) you cannot hang pictures on it.
Clauses cont. • • • Bright and blue skies are (noun clause). We certainly realize (noun clause) (Adverb Clause) his wife cooked dinner. It seems (noun clause) The librarian found (noun clause)
- Slides: 18