Crash Testing for Safety ANCAP Ratings Michael Paine

Crash Testing for Safety ANCAP Ratings Michael Paine, Technical Manager ANCAP

World NCAPs 1979 1992 1995 1997 1999

• • ANCAP Crash Tests Three types of crash test give a front occupant protection rating out of 5 stars Separate tests give a pedestrian protection rating out of 4 stars

• Offset Frontal Crash Test 40% of front of car contacts a deformable barrier @ 64 km/h

Side Impact Crash Test • 950 kg barrier with deformable face moving @ 50 km/h strikes driver’s side of car (equivalent to a Yaris) Vehicles with a seat height of 700 mm or more are exempt (default 16 awarded)

Pole Impact Test • Vehicle travelling sideways (eg on trolley) @ 29 km/h and strikes a rigid 25 cm diameter pole in line with driver’s head • Only performed if vehicle has a head protecting airbag • Usually at manufacturer’s expense - but test is under ANCAP’s supervision

Pole Tests ANCAP has conducted these manufacturer-funded pole tests: Ford Falcon Holden Commodore, Epica & Viva Mazda CX-7 Mitsubishi Lancer Nissan Maxima The Subaru range Toyota Kluger • Falcon sedan Plus an SUV research program in 2005

Modifiers • Points are deducted for excessive steering column and foot pedal movement, loss of passenger compartment structure, knee hazards, airbag instability and, with side impacts, excessive nonbiofidelic loads (backplate and T 12 loads). One point deduction for each door that opens during the crash.

Star Rating Combines the scores from three tests: 16 + 2 = max of 34 pts Up to 3 bonus points available for advanced seat belt reminders (giving a max 37 points )

Star Ratings Star Rating Min. Offset Min. Side Imp Min. O’all# 0. 5 1. 5 8. 5 4. 5 16. 5 8. 5 24. 5 12. 5 for seat 32. 5* # Up to 3 bonus 12. 5 points available belt reminders * ESC & Pole Test required by ANCAP for 5 stars

Pedestrian Tests ANCAP & Euro NCAP conduct pedestrian protection tests that simulate a pedestrian being struck by the front of the vehicle at 40 km/h. A separate 4 star Pedestrian Protection rating is published There is room for a great deal of improvement in pedestrian protection

Changes to Euro NCAP Rating System Overhaul of the rating system in 2009 New whiplash rating New “Safety Assist” rating gives scores for seat belt reminders, ESC and “Speed Limitation Devices” Adult occupant protection rating (%) based on offset, side impact, pole and whiplash results 5 Star Combined Rating based on Adult, Child, Pedestrian & Safety Assist ratings

Euro NCAP will be retaining the same crash tests and assessment criteria so ANCAP can continue to republish ratings for local models. No need to change ANCAP’s 5 -star occupant rating for now

Occupant Protection in Manufacturers conduct full Rollovers scale rollover crash tests to develop and test restraint systems. Dynamic tests are under development US Insurance Institute for Highway Safety recently announced it would begin rating roof strength of vehicles ANCAP monitoring IIHS and other developments General Motors

Whiplash Protection RCAR consortium has been conducting geometric and dynamic tests of car seats for several years ANCAP member NRMA Insurance publishes ratings based on RCAR procedures Euro NCAP has decided to introduce a whiplash rating based on extra dynamic tests ANCAP considering options

• • World NCAP Two experts from Euro NCAP are currently in Australia Discussing test procedures and opportunities to share test data ANCAP, Euro NCAP, Japan NCAP and Korean NCAP meet in Korea next week to continue these discussions By sharing data, each NCAP would be able to publish

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