Cradle to Cradle en wat ecologische duurzaamheid nog

Cradle to Cradle, en wat (ecologische) duurzaamheid nog meer is Prof. dr. ir. Taeke M. de Jong Almere 20071021

Lagen in het afwegingskader

Paradox of scale

Levels of scale to be aware of • Different levels of scale mean different legend units, categories, views, approaches, conclusions

Context analysis

For example: 4 usual scenarios Scale? Culture? Technology? Ecology? Space?

‘+!’ is only one of 1065 scenarios

Questionnaire of futures • Field of problems = Probable - Desirable • Field of aims = Desirable - Probable

Journals 28 October 2007 Dutch cradle to craft Advertentietekst: ‘Aan het einde van een lang leven wordt je oude auto vakkundig gedemonteerd. 85% ervan wordt hergebruikt, en binnenkort is dat zelfs 95%. De vulling van de autostoelen wordt opnieuw gebruikt als isolatie en in sportmatten, autoramen en koplampen worden flessen, en de banden bijvoorbeeld rubberen stoeptegels. Vandaag recyclen we onze 3 miljoenste auto. Daar kunnen we met z’n allen trots op zijn! De autobranche zegt wel eens: ‘Was iedereen maar zo netjes op het milieu. ’ Auto Recycling Nederland is een onderneming van BOVAG, FOCWA, RAI en STIBA. www. arn. nl, email: info@arn. nl’

Cradle to cradle extending R=1 m • From recycling into upgrading beforehand • Leaving more possibilities • Choice for future generations supposes – not only our choice. • Freedom of choice supposes – diversity, opportunity to choose (risk cover for life); – health, ability to choose.

Declining biodiversity and health • No other environmental problems – even energy is no durable problem if it does not affect biodiversity or health at last – solar power = 6000 x current human use of energy after all. • Complex on itself – local, regional, continental or global diversity? – within a year, a decade, a century? – the same applies for health.

Rarity • • measures the uniqueness of location drives evolution, biodiversity, surprise motivates technical innovation determines economic scarcity, value determines cultural identity, pride touches the electorate of governance touches all layers

Rarity and reparability evaluating alternatives by space and time

Continental vegetation types Dutch rarity: water management Bohn et al. (2001)

Water, secret of Dutch diversity De Bruin (2007)

Different ecologies involved

Land water gradients R=100 m

Land water gradients R=10 m

Boundary richness, condition of diversity Limes convergens, limes divergens, gradient

Ecological tolerance

Quality = f(variation)

The ecologist’s view • Andrewartha (1961): Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Krebs, C. J. (1972, 1992): Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Begon; Harper; Townsend (1996): Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms, populations and communities.

The designer’s view: state of distribution(form)

Alternatives of form: states of dispersion on one level of scale

The dispersion of two worldwide rare species marsh fleawort (moerasandijvie) black-tailed godwit (grutto)

Autecology: dispersion of one population and its habitat Gadwall duck (krakeend) 04 Garland Weed Class (eendekroosklasse)

States of human dispersion on different levels of scale

Principles of urban extension

Built and open space

Interpreting H+N+S Pampus

Interpreting Hosper Pampus

Interpreting TKA Pampus

Interpolating plans to 50 000 inhabitants each (spatial scenarios) to compare states of dispersion (form)

Open space

Possibilities for nature (H+N+S)

Possibilities for recreation (H+N+S)

Open space first