COVALENT COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS Covalent compounds are made

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COVALENT COMPOUNDS

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

COVALENT COMPOUNDS • Covalent compounds are made up of two non-metals. • Covalent compounds

COVALENT COMPOUNDS • Covalent compounds are made up of two non-metals. • Covalent compounds share electrons to form molecules. • Example: water

Example: H 2 O H

Example: H 2 O H

Example: H 2 O H Let’s Share!

Example: H 2 O H Let’s Share!

Example: H 2 O H Let’s Share!

Example: H 2 O H Let’s Share!

Example: H 2 O Lone Pairs H Bonding Pairs O H Let’s Share!

Example: H 2 O Lone Pairs H Bonding Pairs O H Let’s Share!

Covalent Compounds • Formulas show the actual number of atoms of each element in

Covalent Compounds • Formulas show the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule (e. g. H 2 O 2 ) • Prefixes are used in naming simple covalent compounds

PART B: NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS

PART B: NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Exceptions to rule: Naming Rules: 1 st Element Name the first element. 2 nd

Exceptions to rule: Naming Rules: 1 st Element Name the first element. 2 nd Element Name the second element and add the suffix “ide” • Do not add a prefix if the first element has only one atom • Shorten mono- to mon- if it is placed before oxide Prefix Add a prefix to each element’s name to indicate the number of atoms.

Examples: a) CO 2 Carbon Dioxide b) CO Carbon Monoxide Mono– EXCEPTION when Oxide!

Examples: a) CO 2 Carbon Dioxide b) CO Carbon Monoxide Mono– EXCEPTION when Oxide! c) P 4 S 10 d) N 2 O 4 Tetraphosphorous Decasulphide Dinitrogen Tetraoxide

PART B: WRITING FORMULAS OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS

PART B: WRITING FORMULAS OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Rules for Writing Formulas For Covalent: (i) Write the first element’s symbol. Example: carbon

Rules for Writing Formulas For Covalent: (i) Write the first element’s symbol. Example: carbon tetraiodide (ii) Write the second element’s symbol. (iii) Write subscripts to show the number of atoms as indicated by the prefix C I 4

Rules for Writing Formulas For Covalent: Example: (i) Write the first element’s symbol. dichlorine

Rules for Writing Formulas For Covalent: Example: (i) Write the first element’s symbol. dichlorine monoxide (ii) Write the second element’s symbol. (iii) Write subscripts to show the number of atoms as indicated by the prefix Cl 2 O

You try some: sulphur dioxide SO 2 phosphorus tribromide P Br 3 arsenic pentachloride

You try some: sulphur dioxide SO 2 phosphorus tribromide P Br 3 arsenic pentachloride As. Cl 5

IONIC VS COVALENT: 1. Examine the formula. • Ionic compounds start with a metal

IONIC VS COVALENT: 1. Examine the formula. • Ionic compounds start with a metal or the ammonium ion. • Covalent compounds start with a non-metal.

IONIC VS COVALENT: 2. If the compound is COVALENT: • Use the prefix system

IONIC VS COVALENT: 2. If the compound is COVALENT: • Use the prefix system of naming if the compound is binary and does not start with hydrogen. • If there are more than two different elements, or it starts with H, there is probably a different, simpler (“common”) name for the covalent molecule.

IONIC VS COVALENT: 3. If the compound is IONIC: • Check the metal to

IONIC VS COVALENT: 3. If the compound is IONIC: • Check the metal to see if it is multivalent (add a Roman Numeral if it is multivalent). Naming starts with the name of the metal atom. • If it ends with a single non-metal, naming will just end in -ide. • If it ends in a polyatomic ion, look up the name/formula.

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