Covalent and Acid Naming Chapter 9 Covalent Naming

Covalent and Acid Naming Chapter 9

Covalent Naming • Covalent compounds are compounds with ONLY non-metals. • Covalent bonds form by SHARING electrons. 1. Write the name of the 1 st element in the compound 2. Write the root name of second element followed by suffix –ide. 3. Add prefixes to indicate the NUMBER of atoms present for each element. {NEVER use mono for first element)

Covalent Naming • Prefixes 1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta • Prefixes 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca

Covalent Naming Examples 1. N 2 O 3 2. Cl. O 2 3. BF 3 4. As 4010 5. Carbon monoxide 6. Diphosphorous pentoxide 7. Nitrogen dioxide Examples 1. Dinitrogen trioxide 2. Chlorine dioxide 3. Boron trifluoride 4. Tetrarsnic decoxide 5. CO 6. P 2 O 5 7. NO 2

Naming Acids • Acids are covalent compound that begin with hydrogen • Two types of acids – Binary acids are acids with hydrogen and another element – Oxy acids are acids with hydrogen and a polyatomic ion 5

Naming Binary Acids 1. Write hydro 2. Followed by root name of element 3. End with –ic acid Example HBr is hydrobromic acid HCl is hydrochloric acid H 2 S is hydrosulfuric acid 6

Naming Oxy Acids 1. Determine the name of the polyatomic that made the acid a. If polyatomic’s name ends in -ate it become –ic acid b. If polyatomic’s name ends in –ite it becomes –ous acid Example H 2 SO 4 is from sulfate so name is sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 is from sulfite so name is sulfurous acid 7

Acid Names to formulas • In forming acids hydrogen will have a +1 charge • Determine the charge of the anion and use hydrogen to balance it Example: Hydroiodic acid = H+1 I-1 so is HI Phosphorous acid = H+1 PO 3 -3 so is H 3 PO 3 8

Writing Acid Formulas • Use the name of the acid to determine the charge of the second element (polyatomic) • Add hydrogen to balance the charge to the front of the compound Example Hydroiodic acid hydro means binary acid, iodic = I-1 formula is HI Phosphorous acid no hydro means oxy acid, ending ous = ite phosphite is PO 3 -3 formula is H 3 PO 3 9

Mixed Naming/Formula Writing guidelines Writing Names – Look at elements to determine if it is • Ionic ( starts with a metal), use roman # only if transition metal • Covalent (only non-metals), uses prefixes • Acid (starts with Hydrogen), all end with word acid Writing Formulas – If there are prefixes in name write the number of atoms said in name – If there is no prefixes (acid or ionic) then you MUST balance charges [write ion’s first] – REMEMBER chemical formulas do NOT have charges in the formula.