COURSEWORK 2019 Lesson 4 Christopher Browning AO 3

COURSEWORK 2019 Lesson 4: Christopher Browning

AO 3: CHRISTOPHER BROWNING How far were German people involved in the Holocaust? How does Browning understand the actions of German Holocaust perpetrators? To what extent is Christopher Browning a ‘strong’ historian

WHO ARE POLICE BATTALION 101? Christopher Browning’s Ordinary Men is centred on the actions and motivation of German people in Police Battalion 101. Central to coursework, is being able to write concisely. Below is a 163 word paragraph that explains who Police Battalion 101 are. Your job is to write a new, shorter, paragraph that does not lose key information about the Battalion. (Note: You will be able to use this paragraph in your final coursework!) The Józefów Massacre was carried out by the men of Nazi German Reserve Police Battalion 101, led by Major Wilhelm Trapp (“Pappa Trapp”). The battalion had eleven officers, five administrators and 486 men. The servicemen of Police Battalion 101 were not dedicated Nazis, but ordinary Germans from Hamburg and the surrounding region. They were primarily Evangelical Protestants and most were older men with wives and families of their own. The average in the battalion was thirty-nine, meaning most had grown up and experienced life before the rise of Hitler and Nazism. These men were also mostly from the working class, dock workers and truck drivers, but some were lower-middle class or skilled laborers. Few had been educated beyond the age of fifteen. The fact that these men were only police battalion members, and had not volunteered for the SS or Gestapo duty indicates that they were not particularly strong advocates of Nazism. By 1942 only 25% were members of the Nazi Party.

WHAT IS CHRISTOPHER BROWNING’S VIEW ON POLICE BATTALION 101? First we are going to look at Browning’s argument in a simplistic format

WHAT IS CHRISTOPHER BROWNING’S VIEW ON POLICE BATTALION 101? You have been given a photocopy of Browning’s Ordinary Men. TASK: Elaborate on the following issues that Browning raises when reflecting on the Jozefow massacre: • Suddenness • Conformity • Choice • Bermerhaven’s reasoning • Anti-Semitism • Those who sought to evade shooting • Revulsion/political and ethic motivation not to shoot • Battalion bitterness after Jozefow

IS BROWNING A ‘STRONG’ HISTORIAN? This is a strength in relation to my question because… Ordinary Men focuses on the years of the Holocaust Browning’s thesis is influenced in part by the famous Milgram experiments. Whilst this experiment is seen as being conducted in a highly pressurised environment, they remain present in archives in the Office of the State Prosecutor in Hamburg. When David Irving (a Holocaust denier) sued Deborah Lipstadt for libel in 1996, Browning was one of the leading witnesses for the defence. Ordinary Men originated from a commission by Yad Vashem, the Israeli Holocaust museum Browning experienced a politically fraught America (Civil Rights, Vietnam, Watergate scandal), which led him to try and understand why good people could becoming implicated in terrible crimes Ordinary Men pays little attention to Hitler/the Nazi Movement This is a limitation in relation to my question because…

FURTHER READING HOMEWORK: Complete extra reading on Browning. You will get one stamp for every piece of information below that you engage with (4 stamps up for grabs!!) 1. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z_advxc 5 DTs – here is a link to Browning talking at the University of Manchester about why perpetrators killed. 2. https: //www. yadvashem. org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20 Word%20 -%203848. pdf – an interview with Christopher Browning 3. Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men – the preface is really good for extra detail on Browning’s context! 4. Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men – the conclusion is really good for an big picture 1. pp. 171 -176 = Milgram Experiments 2. Pp. 184 -186 = conformity