Course of the Civil War Shots Fired at

Course of the Civil War

Shots Fired at Fort Sumter The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter on April 12 1861. Most people thought their side would win quickly and easily. They were both wrong.

Northern advantage • North 22 million/South 5. 5 free persons • More industrialized with more railroads, factories, mines and roads • Northern factories could produce arms and ammunition • More coal, iron, gold, and other natural resources

Southern Economy • Economy dangerously dependent on exports of cash crops (cotton) • Large slave population • Strong gifted military leaders • • Robert E. Lee Stone Wall Jackson

Anaconda Plan • Northern plan introduced by General Winfield Scott • Planned to limit the bloodshed by cutting off Southern ports with naval blockades

Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln did not want to run the risk of upsetting states that stud with the union that allowed slavery. • Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware • On September 22, 1862 Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation announcing that all slaves in states still in Rebellion on January 1, 1863 would be freed. • This did not upset states that stood with the Union but did make the war into a contest over slavery.

The Nation’s First Draft Both the Union and the Confederacy suffered such heavy losses during the first two years of war that both sides had to impose conscription, a draft that forced men to serve in the army. Rich kids could buy their way out.

Women Contribute! • Thousands of women volunteered to be battlefield nurses. • The most famous Civil War nurse was Clara Barton, who later started the Red Cross

Turning point in the war GETTYSBURG • In July of 1863 Union and Confederate forces meet in the largest battle in the war in the town of Gettysburg Union Losses 23, 000 Confederate Losses 28, 000 After the battle General Robert E. Lee gave up any hopes of invading the North and led his army back to Virginia

The Gettysburg Address • In November 1863, a ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg. • Lincoln’s speech “remade America” Before Lincoln’s speech, people said “The United States are………” Afterward, they said, “The United States is……” • The speech helped the country to realize that it was not just a collection of individual states; it was on unified nation

End of the War • Confederate forces stated to weaken and dwindle • Grant and the Union forces capture Richmond (confederate capital) • April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox ending the Civil War

Consequences of the War Union deaths 360, 000 Confederate deaths 260, 000 Political • The Civil War greatly increased the federal government’s power and authority 1. Passing of laws (emancipation proclamation) 2. Introduced Income taxes 3. Conscription laws

Economic • • • Dramatically widened the gap between North and South Northern economy boomed Southern economy was devastated Marked the end of slavery (major work force for the South) Destroyed most of the Southern region’s industry and farmland WHY DID THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY SUFFER AFTER THE CIVIL WAR?