Courage Child Protection Audit Zambia Courage Child Protection

Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia

Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: Zambia Prioritised Disempowerment Areas DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT 1 Neglect/Non Delivery 3. 48 Action/Care/Delivery 2 Violence/Anarchy 3. 46 Values & Belief Set 3 Exploitation/No trust 3. 18 Partnership/Mutual trust 4 Ignorance/Dishonesty 3. 07 Knowledge/Accountability 5 Low Self Esteem/No responsibility 2. 99 High Self Esteem/Responsibility 6 Hate/Anger/Resentment 2. 98 Love/Forgiveness/Empathy 7 Addiction/Directionless 2. 63 Leadership/Vision/Purpose DEE BLACKIE

ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS Number of children* • • In country? (% of total) In each province? (% of total) In each community? (% of total) By gender (% of total) Number of child births per year? Number of child deaths per year? − Prematurity? − Abandonment? − Illness? − Disease? − Neglect? − Abuse? − Suicide? Average child life expectancy? Who they are living with* • • • Birth mother and father? Birth mother only? Birth father only? Grandparent/s? Extended family? Legal guardian? On their own? − On the street? − In a home (Child Headed HH)? Wards of the state? − Institution/home? − Foster care? − Correctional facility? Permanent legal adoption? − Local vs international? What is their living environment* • • • Urban/Rural split? Living in poverty? (% of total) Social security support? Formal home vs Informal home? − Access to electricity? − Access to clean water? − Access to adequate sanitation? Access to a family environment? Access to a safe home/place to sleep? Access to adequate nutrition? Access to early childhood development? Access to adequate education? Access to health care services? Access to play/recreation? Child protection overview* Macro child protection challenges: • Registration & Citizenship? • Disease? − HIV/AIDS? − FASD? − Other? • Disability? − Premature birth? − Physical disability? − Mental disability? • Orphans? • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors? Family related child protection challenges: • Informal (illegal) adoption? • Parent drug or alcohol abuse? • Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection? • Bullying (tangible & cyber)? • Isolation and internment? • Female circumcision? • Harmful male circumcision? • Virginity testing? (age/consent) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy? DEE BLACKIE Criminal child protection challenges: • Late/illegal abortion? • Child abandonment? − Unsafe vs safe? • Child neglect? • Child living/working on street? • Physical abuse/ill-treatment? • Murder or Attempted murder • Corporal punishment? • Sexual abuse? • Child trafficking? • Child exploitation? • Child labour? • Child marriage? * Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e. g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

Zambia Child Protection Review • Number of Children: – In country: 752 330 children under 18 (Unicef: 2013) – By province: 49. 5% of 1, 407, 088 population are children under the age of 15 in all 9 provinces (Wikipedia. org: 2000) – In each community: Info not available (% of total) – By gender: Women 52% Men 48% Total (Wikipedia. org: 2000) • Number of child births per year: 608 000 (Unicef: 2013) • Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 5 and under (Unicef: 2013) – Respiratory Infections 26% – Diarrhoea 20% – Anaemia 6% – Malnutrition 5% – Other 1% (Health Situation Summery) • Average child life expectancy: 57 years (Unicef: 2013) DEE BLACKIE

DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Child Protection Review • Who the children live with: – Birth mother and father: 58% live with both parents (zamstats. gov. zm: 2007) – Birth mother only: Stats not given but 670 000 have lost either one or both parents to HIV/AIDS (avert. org: 2012) – Birth father only: See above – Grandparent/s: 400 000 (Unicef: 2013) – Extended family: 70% of adolescents live with extended family (academia. edu) – Legal guardian: Info not available – On the street: 13 000 (Unicef: 2013) – In a home (Child Headed HH): 0. 4% of children (academia. edu: 2000 outdated) • Wards of the state? – Institution/home: 224 Children’s homes (MSC Pres) – Foster care: 5522 (MSC Pres) – Correctional facility: 53 (issafrica. org 2013) • Permanent legal adoption? – Local vs international? Information not available DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Child Protection Review • Living Environment: – Urban/Rural split: 80% Rural (Unicef: 2013) – Living in poverty: 64% (Unicef: 013) – Social security support: 21 000 households given money by government to support orphaned/abandoned children (Unicef: 2011) – Formal home vs Informal home: Info not available – Access to electricity: 18. 5% (data. worldbank. org-2010) – Access to clean water: Urban 80% Rural 50. 1% (Unicef: 2013) – Access to adequate sanitation: Urban 55. 8% Rural 33, 2% (Unicef: 2013) • Family environment: – Access to a family environment: Info not available – Access to a safe home/place to sleep: Info not available – Access to adequate nutrition: 71% of families have major food insecurity (thesis. eur. nl: 2011) – Access to early childhood development: 6% (dhlkeducationaltrust. org-2014) – Access to adequate education: 17. 1% of children enrolled in G 1 (dhlkeducationaltrust. org-2007) – Access to health care services: 20. 7% total have access to health care (afro. who. int: 2002) – Access to play/recreation: Info not available DEE BLACKIE

Zambia: Macro Child Protection Challenges • Registration & Citizenship: 30, 9 % children registered from 2005 -2012 (Unicef: 2013) • Disease: – HIV/AIDS: 9500 children infected per day (avert. org 2012) 980 000 total population (indexmundi. com 2012) – FASD: Info not found – Other: Info not found • Disability: 1, 6% of children have a disability (adry. up. ac. za) – Premature birth: 2, 3% – Physical disability: Info not found – Mental disability: Info not found • Orphans: 140 000 children reported in 2012 (Unicef: 2012) • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: Info not available DEE BLACKIE

HIV/AIDS DEE BLACKIE

Zambia: Family Child Protection Challenges • Informal (illegal) adoption: Info not available • Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 40. 8% of parents drink alcohol daily (africacheck. org) • Psychological maltreatment: Info not available • Bullying (tangible & cyber): 70% of bullying occurs in school (bvsde. ops-oms. org: 2004) • Isolation and internment: Info not available • Female circumcision: 3 million girls in Africa per year. No stats for Zambia (Wikipedia) • Harmful male circumcision: 23 000 males a year in Africa. No stats for Zambia (degrees. fhi 360. org) • Virginity testing? (age/consent): Usually done at 15 years old without the consent of the child (hrw. org- 2010) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 33. 6% of births before 18 years ( Unicef: 2013) DEE BLACKIE

Zambia Criminal Child Protection Challenges • Late/illegal abortion: 66% of illegal abortion using the following methods - herbal drinks, Chloroquine tablets, Aspirin tablets, Ampicillin tablets and washing powder solution. (academia. edu) • Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): Info not available • Child neglect: 1715 cases reported in 2010 (ohchr. org) • Child living/working on street: 20 000 children (Unicef: 2013) • Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 47% of all women, no stats on children (Unicef: 2013) • Murder or Attempted murder: 5% attempted murder • Corporal punishment: 24% (Unicef: 2013) • Sexual abuse: 71% Females and 28% males in 2010 total pop (svri. org: 2011) • Child trafficking: 43 cases reported in 2007 (wvioaptus. wvi. org) • Child exploitation: 11. 2% (resourcecentre. savethechildren. se: 2011) • Child labour: 40. 6% reported cases from 2002 -2012 (Unicef: 2012) • Child marriage: 17. 8% of Zambian women are married before 18 (Unicef: 2013) DEE BLACKIE

DEE BLACKIE

Thank you