Courage Child Protection Audit South Africa Courage Child

Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa DEE BLACKIE

Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa Prioritised Disempowerment Areas DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT 1 Neglect/Non Delivery 31. 98 Action/Care/Delivery 2 Violence/Anarchy 28. 29 Values & Belief Set 3 Hate/Anger/Resentment 28. 11 Love/Forgiveness/Empathy 4 Low Self Esteem/No responsibility 26. 01 High Self Esteem/Responsibility 5 Exploitation/No trust 25. 14 Partnership/Mutual trust 6 Addiction/Directionless 25. 06 Leadership/Vision/Purpose 7 Ignorance/Dishonesty 24. 90 Knowledge/Accountability DEE BLACKIE

ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS Number of children* • • In country? (% of total) In each province? (% of total) In each community? (% of total) By gender (% of total) Number of child births per year? Number of child deaths per year? − Prematurity? − Abandonment? − Illness? − Disease? − Neglect? − Abuse? − Suicide? Average child life expectancy? Who they are living with* • • • Birth mother and father? Birth mother only? Birth father only? Grandparent/s? Extended family? Legal guardian? On their own? − On the street? − In a home (Child Headed HH)? Wards of the state? − Institution/home? − Foster care? − Correctional facility? Permanent legal adoption? − Local vs international? What is their living environment* • • • Urban/Rural split? Living in poverty? (% of total) Social security support? Formal home vs Informal home? − Access to electricity? − Access to clean water? − Access to adequate sanitation? Access to a family environment? Access to a safe home/place to sleep? Access to adequate nutrition? Access to early childhood development? Access to adequate education? Access to health care services? Access to play/recreation? Child protection overview* Macro child protection challenges: • Registration & Citizenship? • Disease? − HIV/AIDS? − FASD? − Other? • Disability? − Premature birth? − Physical disability? − Mental disability? • Orphans? • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors? Family related child protection challenges: • Informal (illegal) adoption? • Parent drug or alcohol abuse? • Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection? • Bullying (tangible & cyber)? • Isolation and internment? • Female circumcision? • Harmful male circumcision? • Virginity testing? (age/consent) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy? DEE BLACKIE Criminal child protection challenges: • Late/illegal abortion? • Child abandonment? − Unsafe vs safe? • Child neglect? • Child living/working on street? • Physical abuse/ill-treatment? • Murder or Attempted murder • Corporal punishment? • Sexual abuse? • Child trafficking? • Child exploitation? • Child labour? • Child marriage? * Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e. g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

South African Child Protection Review • Number of Children: – In country: 18. 6 million children (UNICEF 2012) – Average By province: Pie graph on next page (children 0 -4 years) – In each community: info not available – By gender: 25% female and 28% male (Children between 0 -14 years- statssa. gov. za 2011) – Number of child births per year: 1 102 300 per year (UNICEF 2012) – Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2012) – Respiratory Infections 19% (2011 who. int) – Diarrhoea 18% (2011 who. int) – Anaemia 21. 4% (2015 Wikipedia) – Malnutrition 5. 6 million deaths per year (2015 Wikipedia) – Other 5% (2010 -ftp. bhfglobal. com) – child life expectancy: 52. 3 years (UNICEF 2012) DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the number of children ages 0 -4 years in each province in South Africa- 2012 beta 2. statssa. gov. za DEE BLACKIE

South Africa Child Protection Review • Who the children live with: – Birth mother and father: 34. 8% (2012 childrencount. ci. org. za) – Birth mother only: 38. 8% (2012 childrencount. ci. org. za) – Birth father only: 3. 4% (2012 childrencount. ci. org. za) – Grandparent/s: 8% (2013. news 24. com/South. Africa/News) – Extended family: 16% (2013. news 24. com/South. Africa/News) – Legal guardian info not available – On the street: 10 000 ( 2014 Sad, Bad and Mad thesis, Dee Blackie) – In a home (Child Headed HH): 150 000 ( 2012 UNICEF) – Wards of the state? 345 registered (2012 UNICEF) – Institution/home: 21 000 (2012 UNICEF) – Foster care: 500 000 reported in 2008 ( UNICEF) – Correctional facility: 240 (2013 Wikipedia) – Permanent legal adoption? Adoptions- 5853/ 1400 in 2014 Inter-country adoptions 845 (2010 UNICEF) – Local vs international? 1580 international adoptions between 2004 -2010 (2014 Blackie) DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the percentage of children 18 years and under living with their parents in each province in South Africa- 2012 www. childrencount. ci. org. za DEE BLACKIE

South Africa Child Protection Review • Living Environment: – Urban/Rural split: 45% rural and 55% urban – Living in poverty: 56% of children live below the poverty line ( 2014 iol. co. za) – Social security support: social grant for 9, 8 million children in 2010 (UNICEF) – Formal home vs Informal home: formal- 73. 6% informal- 11. 3% ( 2013 childrencount. ci. org. za) – Access to electricity: 80% have access (2010 UNICEF) – Access to clean water: 34% of children DO NOT have access to water (childrencount. ci. org. za 2012) – Access to adequate sanitation: 31% of children DO NOT have access to adequate sanitation (childrencount. ci. org. za 2012) • Family environment: – Access to a family environment: info not available – Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available – Access to adequate nutrition: 3. 3 million children are underfed (childrencount. ci. org. za 2012) – Access to early childhood development: 84% DO NOT have access to formal ECD (2011 who. int) – Access to adequate education: 99% had access to primary school education ( 2012 UNICEF) – Access to health care services: 83% (2011 - Wikipedia. com) – Access to play/recreation: info not available DEE BLACKIE

South Africa: Macro Child Protection Challenges • Registration & Citizenship: 95% (UNICEF 2012) • Disease: – HIV/AIDS: 410 000 children (UNICEF 2012) – FASD: Between 6 -11% depending on the area (Newspaper article by Shelley Seid) – Other: 5% (2010 -ftp. bhfglobal. com) – Disability: 11. 2% of the child population has a disability (2012 -UNICEF) – Premature birth: 12% (2012 -who. int) – Physical disability: info not found – Mental disability: info not found • Orphans: 4 million children are orphans (UNICEF 2013) • Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 5 million illegal immigrants (2013 Wikipedia) DEE BLACKIE

Graph showing the percentage of children that are either Double orphan, Paternal orphan or Maternal orphan in all 9 provinces- 2012 childrencount. ci. org. za DEE BLACKIE

South Africa: Family Child Protection Challenges • Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available • Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 1 in every 10 parent has a drug/alcohol addiction (2013. health 24. com) • Psychological maltreatment: Info not available • Bullying (tangible & cyber): 37% (2012 -UNICEF) • Isolation and internment : info not available • Female circumcision: 3 million girls annually (2011 - who. int) • Harmful male circumcision: 1460 reported harmful circumcision (2012 -UNICEF) • Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages 18 -20 years (2014 -health 24. com) • Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 182 000 reported annually (2013 -. ibtimes. com) DEE BLACKIE

South African Criminal Child Protection Challenges • Late/illegal abortion : 57% of child deaths are caused by illegal abortion (2014 Wikipedia) • Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): 45% of children are abandoned (2010 UNICEF) • Child neglect: 2 million cases reported in 2000 (2012 -UNICEF) • Child living/working on street: 10 000 children (2014 Bad Sad & Mad thesis- Dee Blackie) • Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 14% (2010 UNICEF) • Murder or Attempted murder: 758 attempted murder cases reported 2012 (2010 UNICEF) • Corporal punishment: 59% (2012 -UNICEF) • Sexual abuse: 25 862 reported cases in 2012 (2012 -UNICEF) • Child trafficking: 247 000 reported cases of child prostitution and suspected trafficking (2005 -mediamonitoringafrica. org) • Child exploitation: 431 000 children reported in 2010 (2012 -UNICEF) • Child labour: 116 000 children reported in 2010 (2012 -UNICEF) • Child marriage: 5. 6% of women get married before 18 (UNICEF 2012) DEE BLACKIE

Pie graph showing the main reasons for admission of children into youth centre- 2010 UNICEF DEE BLACKIE

Thank you